Added automatic tessellation near camera frustum culling

This allows the camera nearer the ground
and fixes holes in lower quality renders

TODO

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ Technlology Preview 2 :
 - Add clouds to OpenGL with 3d textures.
 - Refactor medium traversal to unify clouds, atmosphere and god rays.
 - Fix potential holes in land rendering (OpenGL and software).
-- Fix polygon culling near the camera in low-res renders (automatic tessellation ?).
 - Fix sun size not being consistent between opengl and software
 
 Technology Preview 3 :

src/basics/Vector3.cpp

@@ -76,3 +76,8 @@ VectorSpherical Vector3::toSpherical() const
 
     return result;
 }
+
+Vector3 Vector3::midPointTo(const Vector3 &other) const
+{
+    return Vector3((other.x + x) * 0.5, (other.y + y) * 0.5, (other.z + z) * 0.5);
+}

src/basics/Vector3.h

@@ -61,6 +61,11 @@ public:
     double dotProduct(const Vector3 &other) const;
     Vector3 crossProduct(const Vector3 &other) const;
 
+    /**
+     * Get the mid-point of the segment between *this* point and *other*.
+     */
+    Vector3 midPointTo(const Vector3 &other) const;
+
     VectorSpherical toSpherical() const;
 
 public:

src/definition/Scenery.cpp

@@ -191,8 +191,8 @@ void Scenery::getWater(WaterDefinition* water)
 void Scenery::keepCameraAboveGround(CameraDefinition* camera)
 {
     Vector3 camera_location = camera->getLocation();
-    double terrain_height = terrain->getInterpolatedHeight(camera_location.x, camera_location.z, true, true) + 2.0;
-    double water_height = 1.5;
+    double terrain_height = terrain->getInterpolatedHeight(camera_location.x, camera_location.z, true, true) + 1.0;
+    double water_height = 0.5;
     if (camera_location.y < water_height || camera_location.y < terrain_height)
     {
         double diff = ((water_height > terrain_height) ? water_height : terrain_height) - camera_location.y;

src/interface/commandline/tests.cpp

@@ -21,14 +21,18 @@
 
 void startRender(SoftwareCanvasRenderer *renderer, const char *outputpath);
 
-static void startTestRender(SoftwareCanvasRenderer *renderer, const std::string &name, int iteration)
+static void startTestRender(SoftwareCanvasRenderer *renderer, const std::string &name, int iteration=-1)
 {
     std::ostringstream stream;
 
-    stream << "pic_test_" << name << "_";
-    stream.width(4);
-    stream.fill('0');
-    stream << iteration;
+    stream << "pic_test_" << name;
+    if (iteration >= 0)
+    {
+        stream << "_";
+        stream.width(4);
+        stream.fill('0');
+        stream << iteration;
+    }
     stream << ".png";
 
     startRender(renderer, stream.str().data());
@@ -192,11 +196,25 @@ static void testGodRays()
     }
 }
 
+static void testNearFrustum()
+{
+    Scenery scenery;
+    scenery.autoPreset(3);
+    scenery.getCamera()->setLocation(Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0));
+    scenery.getCamera()->setTarget(Vector3(1.0, 0.0, 1.0));
+    scenery.keepCameraAboveGround(scenery.getCamera());
+
+    SoftwareCanvasRenderer renderer(&scenery);
+    renderer.setSize(400, 300);
+    renderer.setQuality(0.1);
+    startTestRender(&renderer, "near_frustum");
+}
+
 void runTestSuite()
 {
     testGroundShadowQuality();
     testRasterizationQuality();
     testCloudQuality();
     testGodRays();
+    testNearFrustum();
 }
-

src/render/software/Rasterizer.cpp

@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ Rasterizer::Rasterizer(SoftwareRenderer* renderer, RenderProgress *progress, int
     this->color = new Color(color);
 
     interrupted = false;
+    triangle_count = 0;
+    auto_cut_limit = 0.01;
 
     setQuality(0.5);
 }
@@ -56,7 +58,17 @@ void Rasterizer::setQuality(double)
 {
 }
 
-void Rasterizer::pushProjectedTriangle(CanvasPortion *canvas, const Vector3 &pixel1, const Vector3 &pixel2, const Vector3 &pixel3, const Vector3 &location1, const Vector3 &location2, const Vector3 &location3)
+void Rasterizer::setAutoCutLimit(double limit)
+{
+    this->auto_cut_limit = limit;
+}
+
+void Rasterizer::resetTriangleCount()
+{
+    triangle_count = 0;
+}
+
+bool Rasterizer::pushProjectedTriangle(CanvasPortion *canvas, const Vector3 &pixel1, const Vector3 &pixel2, const Vector3 &pixel3, const Vector3 &location1, const Vector3 &location2, const Vector3 &location3)
 {
     ScanPoint point1, point2, point3;
     double limit_width = (double)(canvas->getWidth() - 1);
@@ -67,13 +79,20 @@ void Rasterizer::pushProjectedTriangle(CanvasPortion *canvas, const Vector3 &pix
     Vector3 dpixel2 = pixel2.sub(canvas_offset);
     Vector3 dpixel3 = pixel3.sub(canvas_offset);
 
-    /* Filter if outside screen */
-    if (dpixel1.z < 1.0 || dpixel2.z < 1.0 || dpixel3.z < 1.0 || (dpixel1.x < 0.0 && dpixel2.x < 0.0 && dpixel3.x < 0.0) || (dpixel1.y < 0.0 && dpixel2.y < 0.0 && dpixel3.y < 0.0) || (dpixel1.x > limit_width && dpixel2.x > limit_width && dpixel3.x > limit_width) || (dpixel1.y > limit_height && dpixel2.y > limit_height && dpixel3.y > limit_height))
+    double limit_near = renderer->render_camera->getPerspective().znear;
+    if ((dpixel1.z < limit_near && dpixel2.z < limit_near && dpixel3.z < limit_near) || (dpixel1.x < 0.0 && dpixel2.x < 0.0 && dpixel3.x < 0.0) || (dpixel1.y < 0.0 && dpixel2.y < 0.0 && dpixel3.y < 0.0) || (dpixel1.x > limit_width && dpixel2.x > limit_width && dpixel3.x > limit_width) || (dpixel1.y > limit_height && dpixel2.y > limit_height && dpixel3.y > limit_height))
     {
-        return;
+        // Fully outside screen
+        return false;
+    }
+    else if (dpixel1.z < limit_near || dpixel2.z < limit_near || dpixel3.z < limit_near)
+    {
+        // Intersects the near frustum plane, needs cutting
+        // ... except if the triangle is already small
+        return location1.sub(location2).getNorm() > auto_cut_limit && location2.sub(location3).getNorm() > auto_cut_limit && location3.sub(location1).getNorm() > auto_cut_limit;
     }
 
-    /* Prepare vertices */
+    // Prepare vertices
     point1.pixel.x = dpixel1.x;
     point1.pixel.y = dpixel1.y;
     point1.pixel.z = dpixel1.z;
@@ -98,7 +117,7 @@ void Rasterizer::pushProjectedTriangle(CanvasPortion *canvas, const Vector3 &pix
     point3.location.z = location3.z;
     point3.client = client_id;
 
-    /* Prepare scanlines */
+    // Prepare scanlines
     // TODO Don't create scanlines for each triangles (one by thread is more appropriate)
     RenderScanlines scanlines;
     int width = canvas->getWidth();
@@ -107,17 +126,20 @@ void Rasterizer::pushProjectedTriangle(CanvasPortion *canvas, const Vector3 &pix
     scanlines.up = new ScanPoint[width];
     scanlines.down = new ScanPoint[width];
 
-    /* Render edges in scanlines */
+    // Render edges in scanlines
     pushScanLineEdge(canvas, &scanlines, &point1, &point2);
     pushScanLineEdge(canvas, &scanlines, &point2, &point3);
     pushScanLineEdge(canvas, &scanlines, &point3, &point1);
 
-    /* Commit scanlines to area */
+    // Commit scanlines to area
     renderScanLines(canvas, &scanlines);
 
-    /* Free scalines */
+    // Free scalines
     delete[] scanlines.up;
     delete[] scanlines.down;
+
+    triangle_count++;
+    return false;
 }
 
 void Rasterizer::pushTriangle(CanvasPortion *canvas, const Vector3 &v1, const Vector3 &v2, const Vector3 &v3)
@@ -128,13 +150,17 @@ void Rasterizer::pushTriangle(CanvasPortion *canvas, const Vector3 &v1, const Ve
     p2 = getRenderer()->projectPoint(v2);
     p3 = getRenderer()->projectPoint(v3);
 
-    pushProjectedTriangle(canvas, p1, p2, p3, v1, v2, v3);
-}
-
-void Rasterizer::pushQuad(CanvasPortion *canvas, const Vector3 &v1, const Vector3 &v2, const Vector3 &v3, const Vector3 &v4)
-{
-    pushTriangle(canvas, v2, v3, v1);
-    pushTriangle(canvas, v4, v1, v3);
+    if (pushProjectedTriangle(canvas, p1, p2, p3, v1, v2, v3))
+    {
+        // Cutting needed
+        Vector3 vm1 = v1.midPointTo(v2);
+        Vector3 vm2 = v2.midPointTo(v3);
+        Vector3 vm3 = v3.midPointTo(v1);
+        pushTriangle(canvas, v1, vm1, vm3);
+        pushTriangle(canvas, v2, vm1, vm2);
+        pushTriangle(canvas, v3, vm3, vm2);
+        pushTriangle(canvas, vm1, vm2, vm3);
+    }
 }
 
 void Rasterizer::pushDisplacedTriangle(CanvasPortion *canvas, const Vector3 &v1, const Vector3 &v2, const Vector3 &v3, const Vector3 &ov1, const Vector3 &ov2, const Vector3 &ov3)
@@ -145,7 +171,26 @@ void Rasterizer::pushDisplacedTriangle(CanvasPortion *canvas, const Vector3 &v1,
     p2 = getRenderer()->projectPoint(v2);
     p3 = getRenderer()->projectPoint(v3);
 
-    pushProjectedTriangle(canvas, p1, p2, p3, ov1, ov2, ov3);
+    if (pushProjectedTriangle(canvas, p1, p2, p3, ov1, ov2, ov3))
+    {
+        // Cutting needed
+        Vector3 vm1 = v1.midPointTo(v2);
+        Vector3 vm2 = v2.midPointTo(v3);
+        Vector3 vm3 = v3.midPointTo(v1);
+        Vector3 ovm1 = ov1.midPointTo(ov2);
+        Vector3 ovm2 = ov2.midPointTo(ov3);
+        Vector3 ovm3 = ov3.midPointTo(ov1);
+        pushDisplacedTriangle(canvas, v1, vm1, vm3, ov1, ovm1, ovm3);
+        pushDisplacedTriangle(canvas, v2, vm1, vm2, ov2, ovm1, ovm2);
+        pushDisplacedTriangle(canvas, v3, vm3, vm2, ov3, ovm3, ovm2);
+        pushDisplacedTriangle(canvas, vm1, vm2, vm3, ovm1, ovm2, ovm3);
+    }
+}
+
+void Rasterizer::pushQuad(CanvasPortion *canvas, const Vector3 &v1, const Vector3 &v2, const Vector3 &v3, const Vector3 &v4)
+{
+    pushTriangle(canvas, v2, v3, v1);
+    pushTriangle(canvas, v4, v1, v3);
 }
 
 void Rasterizer::pushDisplacedQuad(CanvasPortion *canvas, const Vector3 &v1, const Vector3 &v2, const Vector3 &v3, const Vector3 &v4, const Vector3 &ov1, const Vector3 &ov2, const Vector3 &ov3, const Vector3 &ov4)

src/render/software/Rasterizer.h

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ public:
     virtual ~Rasterizer();
 
     inline SoftwareRenderer *getRenderer() const {return renderer;}
+    inline int getTriangleCount() const {return triangle_count;}
 
     virtual Color shadeFragment(const CanvasFragment &fragment) const = 0;
     virtual void interrupt();
@@ -28,6 +29,16 @@ public:
      */
     virtual void setQuality(double factor);
 
+    /**
+     * Set the edge length under which to stop auto-cutting triangles near the camera.
+     */
+    void setAutoCutLimit(double limit);
+
+    /**
+     * Reset the internal triangle counter to 0.
+     */
+    void resetTriangleCount();
+
     /**
      * Abstract method to prepare for the rasterization process, and return the estimated progress count.
      */
@@ -35,16 +46,17 @@ public:
     /**
      * Abstract method to effectively do the rasterization on a canvas.
      */
-    virtual void rasterizeToCanvas(CanvasPortion* canvas) = 0;
-
-protected:
-    void pushProjectedTriangle(CanvasPortion *canvas, const Vector3 &pixel1, const Vector3 &pixel2, const Vector3 &pixel3, const Vector3 &location1, const Vector3 &location2, const Vector3 &location3);
+    virtual void rasterizeToCanvas(CanvasPortion *canvas) = 0;
 
     void pushTriangle(CanvasPortion *canvas, const Vector3 &v1, const Vector3 &v2, const Vector3 &v3);
-    void pushQuad(CanvasPortion *canvas, const Vector3 &v1, const Vector3 &v2, const Vector3 &v3, const Vector3 &v4);
     void pushDisplacedTriangle(CanvasPortion *canvas, const Vector3 &v1, const Vector3 &v2, const Vector3 &v3, const Vector3 &ov1, const Vector3 &ov2, const Vector3 &ov3);
+
+    void pushQuad(CanvasPortion *canvas, const Vector3 &v1, const Vector3 &v2, const Vector3 &v3, const Vector3 &v4);
     void pushDisplacedQuad(CanvasPortion *canvas, const Vector3 &v1, const Vector3 &v2, const Vector3 &v3, const Vector3 &v4, const Vector3 &ov1, const Vector3 &ov2, const Vector3 &ov3, const Vector3 &ov4);
 
+protected:
+    bool pushProjectedTriangle(CanvasPortion *canvas, const Vector3 &pixel1, const Vector3 &pixel2, const Vector3 &pixel3, const Vector3 &location1, const Vector3 &location2, const Vector3 &location3);
+
     Color* color;
     SoftwareRenderer *renderer;
     RenderProgress *progress;
@@ -57,6 +69,9 @@ private:
     void pushScanPoint(CanvasPortion *canvas, RenderScanlines *scanlines, ScanPoint *point);
     void pushScanLineEdge(CanvasPortion *canvas, RenderScanlines *scanlines, ScanPoint *point1, ScanPoint *point2);
     void renderScanLines(CanvasPortion *canvas, RenderScanlines *scanlines);
+
+    int triangle_count;
+    double auto_cut_limit;
 };
 
 }

src/tests/Rasterizer_Test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#include "BaseTestCase.h"
+#include "Rasterizer.h"
+
+#include "SoftwareRenderer.h"
+#include "Scenery.h"
+#include "Vector3.h"
+#include "CameraDefinition.h"
+#include "Color.h"
+#include "CanvasPortion.h"
+
+class FakeRasterizer: public Rasterizer
+{
+public:
+    FakeRasterizer(SoftwareRenderer *renderer): Rasterizer(renderer, NULL, 0, COLOR_WHITE)
+    {
+    }
+    virtual Color shadeFragment(const CanvasFragment &) const override
+    {
+        return COLOR_RED;
+    }
+    virtual int prepareRasterization() override
+    {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    virtual void rasterizeToCanvas(CanvasPortion *) override
+    {
+    }
+};
+
+TEST(Rasterizer, autoSplitNearFrustum)
+{
+    Scenery scenery;
+    scenery.getCamera()->setLocation(Vector3(0.0, 5.0, 0.0));
+    scenery.getCamera()->setTarget(Vector3(0.0, 5.0, 1.0));
+    SoftwareRenderer renderer(&scenery);
+
+    FakeRasterizer rast(&renderer);
+    CanvasPortion portion;
+    portion.setSize(300, 300);
+    portion.preparePixels();
+
+    rast.pushTriangle(&portion, Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 8.0), Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 10.0), Vector3(2.0, 0.0, 8.0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, rast.getTriangleCount());
+
+    rast.resetTriangleCount();
+    rast.setAutoCutLimit(15.0);
+    rast.pushTriangle(&portion, Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), Vector3(-10.0, 0.0, 10.0), Vector3(10.0, 0.0, 10.0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, rast.getTriangleCount());
+
+    rast.resetTriangleCount();
+    rast.setAutoCutLimit(9.0);
+    rast.pushTriangle(&portion, Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), Vector3(-10.0, 0.0, 10.0), Vector3(10.0, 0.0, 10.0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(3, rast.getTriangleCount());
+}

src/tests/Vector3_Test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include "BaseTestCase.h"
+#include "Vector3.h"
+
+TEST(Vector3, midPointTo)
+{
+    Vector3 v1(1.0, 2.0, 8.0);
+    Vector3 v2(4.0, 2.5, -1.0);
+    Vector3 vm = v1.midPointTo(v2);
+    EXPECT_VECTOR3_COORDS(vm, 2.5, 2.25, 3.5);
+}

src/tests/tests.pro

@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ SOURCES += main.cpp \
     IntNode_Test.cpp \
     LightingManager_Test.cpp \
     GodRaysSampler_Test.cpp \
-    Interpolation_Test.cpp
+    Interpolation_Test.cpp \
+    Rasterizer_Test.cpp \
+    Vector3_Test.cpp
 
 HEADERS += \
     BaseTestCase.h