Merge branch 'vegetation'

src/basics/CappedCylinder.cpp

@@ -3,17 +3,19 @@
 #include "Vector3.h"
 #include "PackStream.h"
 
-CappedCylinder::CappedCylinder() {
-}
-
 CappedCylinder::CappedCylinder(const Vector3 &base, const Vector3 &direction, double radius, double length)
-    : InfiniteCylinder(InfiniteRay(base, direction), radius), length(length) {
+    : InfiniteCylinder(InfiniteRay(base, direction), radius), length(length),
+      container(base.add(direction.scale(length * 0.5)), length * 0.5) {
 }
 
-int CappedCylinder::checkRayIntersection(const InfiniteRay &ray, Vector3 *first_intersection,
+int CappedCylinder::findRayIntersection(const InfiniteRay &ray, Vector3 *first_intersection,
                                         Vector3 *second_intersection) const {
+    if (not container.checkRayIntersection(ray)) {
+        // We don't hit the containing sphere at all
+        return 0;
+    } else {
         // TODO Apply the caps
-    int count = InfiniteCylinder::checkRayIntersection(ray, first_intersection, second_intersection);
+        int count = InfiniteCylinder::findRayIntersection(ray, first_intersection, second_intersection);
 
         if (count == 0) {
             return 0;
@@ -32,14 +34,15 @@ int CappedCylinder::checkRayIntersection(const InfiniteRay &ray, Vector3 *first_
                     return 0;
                 }
             }
-    } else // count == 1
-    {
+        } else {
+            // count == 1
             if (checkPointProjection(first_intersection)) {
                 return 1;
             } else {
                 return 0;
             }
         }
+    }
 }
 
 bool CappedCylinder::checkPointProjection(Vector3 *point) const {

src/basics/CappedCylinder.h

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "basics_global.h"
 
 #include "InfiniteCylinder.h"
+#include "Sphere.h"
 
 namespace paysages {
 namespace basics {
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ namespace basics {
  */
 class BASICSSHARED_EXPORT CappedCylinder : public InfiniteCylinder {
   public:
-    CappedCylinder();
+    CappedCylinder() = default;
     CappedCylinder(const Vector3 &base, const Vector3 &direction, double radius, double length);
 
     inline double getLength() const {
@@ -22,8 +23,10 @@ class BASICSSHARED_EXPORT CappedCylinder : public InfiniteCylinder {
 
     /**
      * Check the intersection between the cylinder and an infinite ray.
+     *
+     * Returns the number of intersections (0, 1 or 2) and fill the intersection points.
      */
-    int checkRayIntersection(const InfiniteRay &ray, Vector3 *first_intersection, Vector3 *second_intersection) const;
+    int findRayIntersection(const InfiniteRay &ray, Vector3 *first_intersection, Vector3 *second_intersection) const;
 
     /**
      * Check if a point projects in the length of the finite cylinder.
@@ -35,6 +38,7 @@ class BASICSSHARED_EXPORT CappedCylinder : public InfiniteCylinder {
 
   private:
     double length;
+    Sphere container;
 };
 }
 }

src/basics/Color.cpp

@@ -132,6 +132,12 @@ double Color::normalize() {
     return max;*/
 }
 
+Color Color::normalized() {
+    Color col = *this;
+    col.normalize();
+    return col;
+}
+
 double Color::getValue() const {
     double max;
 

src/basics/Color.h

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ class BASICSSHARED_EXPORT Color {
 
     void mask(const Color &mask);
     double normalize();
+    Color normalized();
     double getValue() const;
     double getPower() const;
     void limitPower(double max_power);

src/basics/Disk.cpp

@@ -2,9 +2,6 @@
 
 #include "PackStream.h"
 
-Disk::Disk() {
-}
-
 Disk::Disk(const Vector3 &point, const Vector3 &normal, double radius) : InfinitePlane(point, normal), radius(radius) {
     radius2 = radius * radius;
 }

src/basics/Disk.h

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace basics {
  */
 class BASICSSHARED_EXPORT Disk : public InfinitePlane {
   public:
-    Disk();
+    Disk() = default;
     Disk(const Vector3 &point, const Vector3 &normal, double radius);
 
     inline double getRadius() const {

src/basics/InfiniteCylinder.cpp

@@ -5,23 +5,85 @@
 
 #define EPS 1E-8
 
-InfiniteCylinder::InfiniteCylinder() {
-}
-
 InfiniteCylinder::InfiniteCylinder(const InfiniteRay &axis, double radius) : axis(axis), radius(radius) {
+    validate();
 }
 
-int InfiniteCylinder::checkRayIntersection(const InfiniteRay &ray, Vector3 *first_intersection,
+int InfiniteCylinder::findRayIntersection(const InfiniteRay &ray, Vector3 *first_intersection,
                                           Vector3 *second_intersection) const {
     /*
      * Original algorithm has been altered, because it didn't work with non-(0,0,0) axis origin.
      * Maybe some optimizations could be made from this.
      */
+    Vector3 Q, G, AG, AQ;
+    double c0, c1, c2, discr, invC2, root0, root1, root;
 
-    Vector3 U, V, F = axis.getDirection(), P, B, Q, G, AG, AQ;
+    /* line */
+    Q = ray.getOrigin().sub(axis.getOrigin());
+    G = ray.getDirection();
+
+    /* compute A*G */
+    AG.x = A[0][0] * G.x + A[0][1] * G.y + A[0][2] * G.z;
+    AG.y = A[1][0] * G.x + A[1][1] * G.y + A[1][2] * G.z;
+    AG.z = A[2][0] * G.x + A[2][1] * G.y + A[2][2] * G.z;
+
+    /* compute A*Q */
+    AQ.x = A[0][0] * Q.x + A[0][1] * Q.y + A[0][2] * Q.z;
+    AQ.y = A[1][0] * Q.x + A[1][1] * Q.y + A[1][2] * Q.z;
+    AQ.z = A[2][0] * Q.x + A[2][1] * Q.y + A[2][2] * Q.z;
+
+    /* compute quadratic equation c0+c1*t+c2*t^2 = 0 */
+    c2 = G.x * AG.x + G.y * AG.y + G.z * AG.z;
+    c1 = 2.0f * (Q.x * AG.x + Q.y * AG.y + Q.z * AG.z);
+    c0 = Q.x * AQ.x + Q.y * AQ.y + Q.z * AQ.z + C;
+
+    /* solve for intersections */
+    int numIntersections;
+    discr = c1 * c1 - 4.0 * c0 * c2;
+    if (discr > EPS) {
+        numIntersections = 2;
+        discr = sqrt(discr);
+        invC2 = 1.0 / c2;
+        root0 = -0.5 * (c1 + discr) * invC2;
+        root1 = -0.5 * (c1 - discr) * invC2;
+        first_intersection->x = Q.x + root0 * G.x + ox;
+        first_intersection->y = Q.y + root0 * G.y + oy;
+        first_intersection->z = Q.z + root0 * G.z + oz;
+        second_intersection->x = Q.x + root1 * G.x + ox;
+        second_intersection->y = Q.y + root1 * G.y + oy;
+        second_intersection->z = Q.z + root1 * G.z + oz;
+    } else if (discr < -EPS) {
+        numIntersections = 0;
+    } else {
+        numIntersections = 1;
+        root = -0.5 * c1 / c2;
+        first_intersection->x = Q.x + root * G.x + ox;
+        first_intersection->y = Q.y + root * G.y + oy;
+        first_intersection->z = Q.z + root * G.z + oz;
+    }
+
+    return numIntersections;
+}
+
+void InfiniteCylinder::save(PackStream *stream) const {
+    axis.save(stream);
+    stream->write(&radius);
+}
+
+void InfiniteCylinder::load(PackStream *stream) {
+    axis.load(stream);
+    stream->read(&radius);
+
+    validate();
+}
+
+void InfiniteCylinder::validate() {
+    Vector3 U, V, F = axis.getDirection();
     double length, invLength, prod;
-    double R[3][3], A[3][3];
-    double e0, e1, C, c0, c1, c2, discr, invC2, root0, root1, root;
+
+    ox = axis.getOrigin().x;
+    oy = axis.getOrigin().y;
+    oz = axis.getOrigin().z;
 
     /* choose U, V so that U,V,F is orthonormal set */
 
@@ -71,75 +133,6 @@ int InfiniteCylinder::checkRayIntersection(const InfiniteRay &ray, Vector3 *firs
     A[2][1] = R[0][2] * R[0][1] + R[1][2] * R[1][1];
     A[2][2] = R[0][2] * R[0][2] + R[1][2] * R[1][2];
 
-    /* vector B */
-    P = Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
-    B.x = -2.0 * P.x;
-    B.y = -2.0 * P.y;
-    B.z = -2.0 * P.z;
-
     /* constant C */
-    e0 = -2.0 * (R[0][0] * P.x + R[0][1] * P.y + R[0][2] * P.z);
-    e1 = -2.0 * (R[1][0] * P.x + R[1][1] * P.y + R[1][2] * P.z);
-    C = 0.25 * (e0 * e0 + e1 * e1) - radius * radius;
-
-    /* line */
-    Q = ray.getOrigin().sub(axis.getOrigin());
-    G = ray.getDirection();
-
-    /* compute A*G */
-    AG.x = A[0][0] * G.x + A[0][1] * G.y + A[0][2] * G.z;
-    AG.y = A[1][0] * G.x + A[1][1] * G.y + A[1][2] * G.z;
-    AG.z = A[2][0] * G.x + A[2][1] * G.y + A[2][2] * G.z;
-
-    /* compute A*Q */
-    AQ.x = A[0][0] * Q.x + A[0][1] * Q.y + A[0][2] * Q.z;
-    AQ.y = A[1][0] * Q.x + A[1][1] * Q.y + A[1][2] * Q.z;
-    AQ.z = A[2][0] * Q.x + A[2][1] * Q.y + A[2][2] * Q.z;
-
-    /* compute quadratic equation c0+c1*t+c2*t^2 = 0 */
-    c2 = G.x * AG.x + G.y * AG.y + G.z * AG.z;
-    c1 = B.x * G.x + B.y * G.y + B.z * G.z + 2.0f * (Q.x * AG.x + Q.y * AG.y + Q.z * AG.z);
-    c0 = Q.x * AQ.x + Q.y * AQ.y + Q.z * AQ.z + B.x * Q.x + B.y * Q.y + B.z * Q.z + C;
-
-    /* solve for intersections */
-    int numIntersections;
-    discr = c1 * c1 - 4.0 * c0 * c2;
-    if (discr > EPS) {
-        numIntersections = 2;
-        discr = sqrt(discr);
-        invC2 = 1.0 / c2;
-        root0 = -0.5 * (c1 + discr) * invC2;
-        root1 = -0.5 * (c1 - discr) * invC2;
-        first_intersection->x = Q.x + root0 * G.x;
-        first_intersection->y = Q.y + root0 * G.y;
-        first_intersection->z = Q.z + root0 * G.z;
-        second_intersection->x = Q.x + root1 * G.x;
-        second_intersection->y = Q.y + root1 * G.y;
-        second_intersection->z = Q.z + root1 * G.z;
-
-        *first_intersection = first_intersection->add(axis.getOrigin());
-        *second_intersection = second_intersection->add(axis.getOrigin());
-    } else if (discr < -EPS) {
-        numIntersections = 0;
-    } else {
-        numIntersections = 1;
-        root = -0.5 * c1 / c2;
-        first_intersection->x = Q.x + root * G.x;
-        first_intersection->y = Q.y + root * G.y;
-        first_intersection->z = Q.z + root * G.z;
-
-        *first_intersection = first_intersection->add(axis.getOrigin());
-    }
-
-    return numIntersections;
-}
-
-void InfiniteCylinder::save(PackStream *stream) const {
-    axis.save(stream);
-    stream->write(&radius);
-}
-
-void InfiniteCylinder::load(PackStream *stream) {
-    axis.load(stream);
-    stream->read(&radius);
+    C = -radius * radius;
 }

src/basics/InfiniteCylinder.h

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace basics {
  */
 class BASICSSHARED_EXPORT InfiniteCylinder {
   public:
-    InfiniteCylinder();
+    InfiniteCylinder() = default;
     InfiniteCylinder(const InfiniteRay &axis, double radius);
 
     inline const InfiniteRay &getAxis() const {
@@ -28,14 +28,26 @@ class BASICSSHARED_EXPORT InfiniteCylinder {
      *
      * Returns the number of intersections (0, 1 or 2) and fill the intersection points.
      */
-    int checkRayIntersection(const InfiniteRay &ray, Vector3 *first_intersection, Vector3 *second_intersection) const;
+    int findRayIntersection(const InfiniteRay &ray, Vector3 *first_intersection, Vector3 *second_intersection) const;
 
     virtual void save(PackStream *stream) const;
     virtual void load(PackStream *stream);
 
+  private:
+    void validate();
+
   protected:
     InfiniteRay axis;
     double radius;
+
+  private:
+    // Stored equation factors, to speed up ray intersection
+    double R[3][3];
+    double A[3][3];
+    double C;
+    double ox;
+    double oy;
+    double oz;
 };
 }
 }

src/basics/InfiniteRay.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 #include "InfiniteRay.h"
 
-InfiniteRay::InfiniteRay() {
-}
-
 InfiniteRay::InfiniteRay(const Vector3 &origin, const Vector3 &direction)
     : origin(origin), direction(direction.normalize()) {
 }

src/basics/InfiniteRay.h

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace basics {
  */
 class BASICSSHARED_EXPORT InfiniteRay {
   public:
-    InfiniteRay();
+    InfiniteRay() = default;
     InfiniteRay(const Vector3 &origin, const Vector3 &direction);
 
     static InfiniteRay fromPoints(const Vector3 &point1, const Vector3 &point2);

src/basics/SpaceSegment.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include <climits>
 #include "SpaceGridIterator.h"
+using namespace std;
 
 SpaceSegment::SpaceSegment(const Vector3 &start, const Vector3 &end) : start(start), end(end) {
 }
@@ -41,6 +42,41 @@ bool SpaceSegment::intersectYInterval(double ymin, double ymax) {
     return true;
 }
 
+bool SpaceSegment::intersectBoundingBox(const SpaceSegment &bbox) const {
+    Vector3 dir = getDirection();
+    // r.dir is unit direction vector of ray
+    double dfx = 1.0 / dir.x;
+    double dfy = 1.0 / dir.y;
+    double dfz = 1.0 / dir.z;
+    // lb is the corner of AABB with minimal coordinates - left bottom, rt is maximal corner
+    // r.org is origin of ray
+    double t1 = (bbox.start.x - start.x) * dfx;
+    double t2 = (bbox.end.x - start.x) * dfx;
+    double t3 = (bbox.start.y - start.y) * dfy;
+    double t4 = (bbox.end.y - start.y) * dfy;
+    double t5 = (bbox.start.z - start.z) * dfz;
+    double t6 = (bbox.end.z - start.z) * dfz;
+
+    double tmin = max(max(min(t1, t2), min(t3, t4)), min(t5, t6));
+    double tmax = min(min(max(t1, t2), max(t3, t4)), max(t5, t6));
+
+    // if tmax < 0, ray (line) is intersecting AABB, but whole AABB is behing us
+    // double t;
+    if (tmax < 0.0) {
+        // t = tmax;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // if tmin > tmax, ray doesn't intersect AABB
+    if (tmin > tmax) {
+        // t = tmax;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // t = tmin;
+    return true;
+}
+
 SpaceSegment SpaceSegment::projectedOnXPlane(double x) const {
     return SpaceSegment(Vector3(x, start.y, start.z), Vector3(x, end.y, end.z));
 }

src/basics/SpaceSegment.h

@@ -47,6 +47,11 @@ class BASICSSHARED_EXPORT SpaceSegment {
      */
     bool intersectYInterval(double ymin, double ymax);
 
+    /**
+     * Return true if the segment intersects a bounding box, represented by another segment (crossing diagonal).
+     */
+    bool intersectBoundingBox(const SpaceSegment &bbox) const;
+
     /**
      * Return a version of this segment, projected on a X plane.
      */

src/basics/Sphere.cpp

@@ -4,14 +4,26 @@
 #include "PackStream.h"
 #include "InfiniteRay.h"
 
-Sphere::Sphere() {
-}
-
 Sphere::Sphere(const Vector3 &center, double radius) : center(center), radius(radius) {
     radius2 = radius * radius;
 }
 
-int Sphere::checkRayIntersection(const InfiniteRay &ray, Vector3 *first_intersection,
+int Sphere::checkRayIntersection(const InfiniteRay &ray) const {
+    Vector3 L = ray.getOrigin().sub(center);
+    double b = 2.0 * ray.getDirection().dotProduct(L);
+    double c = L.dotProduct(L) - radius2;
+
+    double discr = b * b - 4.0 * c;
+    if (discr < 0) {
+        return 0;
+    } else if (discr == 0) {
+        return 1;
+    } else {
+        return 2;
+    }
+}
+
+int Sphere::findRayIntersection(const InfiniteRay &ray, Vector3 *first_intersection,
                                 Vector3 *second_intersection) const {
     Vector3 L = ray.getOrigin().sub(center);
     double b = 2.0 * ray.getDirection().dotProduct(L);

src/basics/Sphere.h

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace basics {
  */
 class BASICSSHARED_EXPORT Sphere {
   public:
-    Sphere();
+    Sphere() = default;
     Sphere(const Vector3 &center, double radius);
 
     inline const Vector3 &getCenter() const {
@@ -24,11 +24,18 @@ class BASICSSHARED_EXPORT Sphere {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Check the intersection between the sphere and an infinite ray.
+     * Check for intersections between the sphere and an infinite ray.
+     *
+     * Returns the number of intersections (0, 1 or 2).
+     */
+    int checkRayIntersection(const InfiniteRay &ray) const;
+
+    /**
+     * Get the intersections between the sphere and an infinite ray.
      *
      * Returns the number of intersections (0, 1 or 2) and fill the intersection points.
      */
-    int checkRayIntersection(const InfiniteRay &ray, Vector3 *first_intersection, Vector3 *second_intersection) const;
+    int findRayIntersection(const InfiniteRay &ray, Vector3 *first_intersection, Vector3 *second_intersection) const;
 
     void save(PackStream *stream) const;
     void load(PackStream *stream);

src/definition/DefinitionNode.cpp

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ void DefinitionNode::setName(const string &name) {
     this->name = name;
 }
 
-Scenery *DefinitionNode::getScenery() {
+const Scenery *DefinitionNode::getScenery() const {
     if (parent) {
         return parent->getScenery();
     } else {

src/definition/DefinitionNode.h

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class DEFINITIONSHARED_EXPORT DefinitionNode {
         return type_name;
     }
 
-    virtual Scenery *getScenery();
+    virtual const Scenery *getScenery() const;
 
     inline const DefinitionNode *getParent() const {
         return parent;

src/definition/DefinitionWatcher.h

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class DEFINITIONSHARED_EXPORT DefinitionWatcher {
     /**
      * Start watching a path in a definition tree.
      */
-    void startWatching(const DefinitionNode *root, const std::string &path, bool init_diff = true);
+    void startWatching(const DefinitionNode *root, const string &path, bool init_diff = true);
 };
 }
 }

src/definition/Scenery.cpp

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "CloudsDefinition.h"
 #include "TerrainDefinition.h"
 #include "TexturesDefinition.h"
+#include "VegetationDefinition.h"
 #include "WaterDefinition.h"
 #include "Logs.h"
 #include "RandomGenerator.h"
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ Scenery::Scenery() : DefinitionNode(NULL, "scenery", "scenery") {
     terrain = new TerrainDefinition(this);
     textures = new TexturesDefinition(this);
     water = new WaterDefinition(this);
+    vegetation = new VegetationDefinition(this);
 }
 
 void Scenery::validate() {
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@ Scenery::FileOperationResult Scenery::loadGlobal(const string &filepath) {
     return FILE_OPERATION_OK;
 }
 
-Scenery *Scenery::getScenery() {
+const Scenery *Scenery::getScenery() const {
     return this;
 }
 
@@ -99,6 +101,7 @@ void Scenery::autoPreset(RandomGenerator &random) {
     atmosphere->applyPreset(AtmosphereDefinition::ATMOSPHERE_PRESET_CLEAR_DAY, random);
     water->applyPreset(WaterDefinition::WATER_PRESET_LAKE, random);
     clouds->applyPreset(CloudsDefinition::CLOUDS_PRESET_PARTLY_CLOUDY, random);
+    vegetation->applyPreset(VegetationDefinition::VEGETATION_PRESET_TEMPERATE, random);
 
     camera->setLocation(VECTOR_ZERO);
     camera->setTarget(VECTOR_NORTH);
@@ -154,6 +157,14 @@ void Scenery::getTextures(TexturesDefinition *textures) {
     this->textures->copy(textures);
 }
 
+void Scenery::setVegetation(VegetationDefinition *vegetation) {
+    vegetation->copy(this->vegetation);
+}
+
+void Scenery::getVegetation(VegetationDefinition *vegetation) {
+    this->vegetation->copy(vegetation);
+}
+
 void Scenery::setWater(WaterDefinition *water) {
     water->copy(this->water);
 }

src/definition/Scenery.h

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class DEFINITIONSHARED_EXPORT Scenery : public DefinitionNode {
     FileOperationResult saveGlobal(const string &filepath) const;
     FileOperationResult loadGlobal(const string &filepath);
 
-    virtual Scenery *getScenery() override;
+    virtual const Scenery *getScenery() const override;
 
     void autoPreset(RandomGenerator &random = RandomGeneratorDefault);
     void autoPreset(unsigned int seed);
@@ -67,6 +67,12 @@ class DEFINITIONSHARED_EXPORT Scenery : public DefinitionNode {
     }
     void getTextures(TexturesDefinition *textures);
 
+    void setVegetation(VegetationDefinition *Vegetation);
+    inline VegetationDefinition *getVegetation() const {
+        return vegetation;
+    }
+    void getVegetation(VegetationDefinition *Vegetation);
+
     void setWater(WaterDefinition *water);
     inline WaterDefinition *getWater() const {
         return water;
@@ -81,6 +87,7 @@ class DEFINITIONSHARED_EXPORT Scenery : public DefinitionNode {
     CloudsDefinition *clouds;
     TerrainDefinition *terrain;
     TexturesDefinition *textures;
+    VegetationDefinition *vegetation;
     WaterDefinition *water;
 };
 }

src/definition/SurfaceMaterial.cpp

@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ SurfaceMaterial::SurfaceMaterial(const Color &color) {
     receive_shadows = 1.0;
 }
 
+SurfaceMaterial::SurfaceMaterial(const SurfaceMaterial &other) : SurfaceMaterial(COLOR_BLACK) {
+    other.copy(this);
+}
+
 SurfaceMaterial::~SurfaceMaterial() {
     delete base;
 }

src/definition/SurfaceMaterial.h

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ class DEFINITIONSHARED_EXPORT SurfaceMaterial {
   public:
     SurfaceMaterial();
     SurfaceMaterial(const Color &color);
+    SurfaceMaterial(const SurfaceMaterial &other);
     ~SurfaceMaterial();
 
     static const SurfaceMaterial &getDefault();

src/definition/TextureLayerDefinition.cpp

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ void TextureLayerDefinition::validate() {
     material->validate();
 
     /* Update zone height range */
-    Scenery *scenery = getScenery();
+    const Scenery *scenery = getScenery();
     if (scenery) {
         TerrainDefinition *terrain = scenery->getTerrain();
         HeightInfo height_info = terrain->getHeightInfo();

src/definition/VegetationDefinition.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#include "VegetationDefinition.h"
+
+#include "VegetationLayerDefinition.h"
+#include "VegetationModelDefinition.h"
+
+static DefinitionNode *_layer_constructor(Layers *parent, const string &name) {
+    return new VegetationLayerDefinition(parent, name);
+}
+
+VegetationDefinition::VegetationDefinition(DefinitionNode *parent) : Layers(parent, "vegetation", _layer_constructor) {
+}
+
+double VegetationDefinition::getMaxHeight() const {
+    double max_height = 0.0;
+    int n = getLayerCount();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        double layer_height = getVegetationLayer(i)->getMaxHeight();
+        if (layer_height > max_height) {
+            max_height = layer_height;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return max_height;
+}
+
+void VegetationDefinition::applyPreset(VegetationPreset preset, RandomGenerator &random) {
+    VegetationLayerDefinition layer(this, "temp");
+
+    clear();
+
+    /*if (preset == VEGETATION_PRESET_TEMPERATE) {
+        layer.applyPreset(VegetationLayerDefinition::VEGETATION_BASIC_TREES, random);
+        layer.setName("Basic tree");
+        addLayer(layer);
+    }*/
+}

src/definition/VegetationDefinition.h

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#ifndef VEGETATIONDEFINITION_H
+#define VEGETATIONDEFINITION_H
+
+#include "definition_global.h"
+
+#include "Layers.h"
+
+namespace paysages {
+namespace definition {
+
+/**
+ * Definition of all vegetation layers in the scenery.
+ */
+class DEFINITIONSHARED_EXPORT VegetationDefinition : public Layers {
+  public:
+    VegetationDefinition(DefinitionNode *parent);
+
+    /**
+     * Get a vegetation layer by its position.
+     */
+    inline VegetationLayerDefinition *getVegetationLayer(int position) const {
+        return (VegetationLayerDefinition *)getLayer(position);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the max height of all layers assembled.
+     */
+    double getMaxHeight() const;
+
+    typedef enum { VEGETATION_PRESET_TEMPERATE } VegetationPreset;
+    void applyPreset(VegetationPreset preset, RandomGenerator &random = RandomGeneratorDefault);
+};
+}
+}
+
+#endif // VEGETATIONDEFINITION_H

src/definition/VegetationInstance.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include "VegetationInstance.h"
+
+VegetationInstance::VegetationInstance(const VegetationModelDefinition &model, const Vector3 &base, double size,
+                                       double angle)
+    : model(model), base(base), size(size), angle(angle) {
+}
+
+VegetationInstance VegetationInstance::displace(const Vector3 &location, const Vector3 &) const {
+    return VegetationInstance(model, location, size, angle);
+}

src/definition/VegetationInstance.h

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#ifndef VEGETATIONINSTANCE_H
+#define VEGETATIONINSTANCE_H
+
+#include "definition_global.h"
+
+#include "Vector3.h"
+
+namespace paysages {
+namespace definition {
+
+/**
+ * Single instance of a vegetation layer (e.g. a single tree).
+ *
+ * This is used as potential hit on vegetation lookup.
+ */
+class DEFINITIONSHARED_EXPORT VegetationInstance {
+  public:
+    VegetationInstance(const VegetationModelDefinition &model, const Vector3 &base, double size = 1.0,
+                       double angle = 0.0);
+
+    inline const VegetationModelDefinition &getModel() const {
+        return model;
+    }
+    inline const Vector3 &getBase() const {
+        return base;
+    }
+    inline double getSize() const {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a copy of this instance, with terrain displacement applied.
+     */
+    VegetationInstance displace(const Vector3 &location, const Vector3 &normal) const;
+
+  private:
+    const VegetationModelDefinition &model;
+    Vector3 base;
+    double size;
+    double angle;
+};
+}
+}
+
+#endif // VEGETATIONINSTANCE_H

src/definition/VegetationLayerDefinition.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include "VegetationLayerDefinition.h"
+
+#include "VegetationModelDefinition.h"
+#include "VegetationPresenceDefinition.h"
+
+VegetationLayerDefinition::VegetationLayerDefinition(DefinitionNode *parent, const string &name)
+    : DefinitionNode(parent, name, "vegetationlayer") {
+    model = new VegetationModelDefinition(this);
+    presence = new VegetationPresenceDefinition(this);
+}
+
+double VegetationLayerDefinition::getMaxHeight() const {
+    return presence->getMaxHeight();
+}
+
+void VegetationLayerDefinition::applyPreset(VegetationLayerPreset, RandomGenerator &random) {
+    model->randomize(random);
+}

src/definition/VegetationLayerDefinition.h

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#ifndef VEGETATIONLAYERDEFINITION_H
+#define VEGETATIONLAYERDEFINITION_H
+
+#include "definition_global.h"
+
+#include "DefinitionNode.h"
+
+namespace paysages {
+namespace definition {
+
+/**
+ * Definition of one vegetation layer.
+ */
+class DEFINITIONSHARED_EXPORT VegetationLayerDefinition : public DefinitionNode {
+  public:
+    VegetationLayerDefinition(DefinitionNode *parent, const string &name);
+
+    inline const VegetationPresenceDefinition *getPresence() const {
+        return presence;
+    }
+    inline const VegetationModelDefinition *getModel() const {
+        return model;
+    }
+
+    double getMaxHeight() const;
+
+    typedef enum { VEGETATION_BASIC_TREES } VegetationLayerPreset;
+    void applyPreset(VegetationLayerPreset preset, RandomGenerator &random = RandomGeneratorDefault);
+
+  private:
+    /**
+     * Geographic area of presence of this layer.
+     */
+    VegetationPresenceDefinition *presence;
+
+    /**
+     * Base vegetation model to use for this layer.
+     */
+    VegetationModelDefinition *model;
+};
+}
+}
+
+#endif // VEGETATIONLAYERDEFINITION_H

src/definition/VegetationModelDefinition.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+#include "VegetationModelDefinition.h"
+
+#include "VegetationDefinition.h"
+#include "RandomGenerator.h"
+#include "Matrix4.h"
+#include "SurfaceMaterial.h"
+#include "Color.h"
+#include "PackStream.h"
+
+VegetationModelDefinition::VegetationModelDefinition(DefinitionNode *parent) : DefinitionNode(parent, "model") {
+    solid_material = new SurfaceMaterial(Color(0.2, 0.15, 0.15));
+    solid_material->reflection = 0.002;
+    solid_material->shininess = 1.0;
+    solid_material->hardness = 0.3;
+    solid_material->validate();
+
+    foliage_material = new SurfaceMaterial(Color(0.4, 0.8, 0.45));
+    foliage_material->reflection = 0.007;
+    foliage_material->shininess = 2.0;
+    foliage_material->hardness = 0.2;
+    foliage_material->validate();
+
+    randomize();
+}
+
+VegetationModelDefinition::~VegetationModelDefinition() {
+    delete solid_material;
+    delete foliage_material;
+}
+
+void VegetationModelDefinition::save(PackStream *stream) const {
+    int n;
+    solid_material->save(stream);
+    foliage_material->save(stream);
+
+    n = solid_volumes.size();
+    stream->write(&n);
+    for (const auto &solid_volume : solid_volumes) {
+        solid_volume.save(stream);
+    }
+    n = foliage_groups.size();
+    stream->write(&n);
+    for (const auto &foliage_group : foliage_groups) {
+        foliage_group.save(stream);
+    }
+    n = foliage_items.size();
+    stream->write(&n);
+    for (const auto &foliage_item : foliage_items) {
+        foliage_item.save(stream);
+    }
+}
+
+void VegetationModelDefinition::load(PackStream *stream) {
+    int i, n;
+    solid_material->load(stream);
+    foliage_material->load(stream);
+
+    stream->read(&n);
+    solid_volumes.clear();
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        CappedCylinder solid_volume;
+        solid_volume.load(stream);
+        solid_volumes.push_back(solid_volume);
+    }
+    stream->read(&n);
+    foliage_groups.clear();
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        Sphere foliage_group;
+        foliage_group.load(stream);
+        foliage_groups.push_back(foliage_group);
+    }
+    stream->read(&n);
+    foliage_items.clear();
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        Disk foliage_item;
+        foliage_item.load(stream);
+        foliage_items.push_back(foliage_item);
+    }
+}
+
+void VegetationModelDefinition::copy(DefinitionNode *destination_) const {
+    VegetationModelDefinition *destination = (VegetationModelDefinition *)destination_;
+
+    solid_material->copy(destination->solid_material);
+    foliage_material->copy(destination->foliage_material);
+
+    destination->solid_volumes.clear();
+    for (const auto &solid_volume : solid_volumes) {
+        destination->solid_volumes.push_back(CappedCylinder(solid_volume));
+    }
+    destination->foliage_groups.clear();
+    for (const auto &foliage_group : foliage_groups) {
+        destination->foliage_groups.push_back(Sphere(foliage_group));
+    }
+    destination->foliage_items.clear();
+    for (const auto &foliage_item : foliage_items) {
+        destination->foliage_items.push_back(Disk(foliage_item));
+    }
+}
+
+void VegetationModelDefinition::validate() {
+}
+
+static inline double randomizeValue(RandomGenerator &random, double base, double min_factor, double max_factor) {
+    return base * (min_factor + random.genDouble() * (max_factor - min_factor));
+}
+
+static void addBranchRecurse(RandomGenerator &random, vector<CappedCylinder> &branches, const Vector3 &base,
+                             const Vector3 &direction, double radius, double length) {
+    branches.push_back(CappedCylinder(base, direction, radius, length));
+
+    if (length > 0.1) {
+        int split_count = 3;
+        Matrix4 pivot1 = Matrix4::newRotateAxis(randomizeValue(random, 1.0 - 0.6 * length, 0.9, 1.1), VECTOR_EAST);
+        Vector3 new_direction = pivot1.multPoint(direction);
+        for (int i = 0; i < split_count; i++) {
+            Matrix4 pivot2 =
+                Matrix4::newRotateAxis(randomizeValue(random, M_PI * 2.0 / (double)split_count, 0.9, 1.1), direction);
+            new_direction = pivot2.multPoint(new_direction);
+
+            Vector3 new_base = base.add(direction.scale(randomizeValue(random, length, 0.4, 1.0)));
+            if (new_base.add(new_direction).y > 0.1) {
+                addBranchRecurse(random, branches, new_base, new_direction, randomizeValue(random, radius, 0.45, 0.6),
+                                 randomizeValue(random, length, 0.55, 0.85));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void VegetationModelDefinition::randomize(RandomGenerator &random) {
+    // Clear structure
+    solid_volumes.clear();
+    foliage_groups.clear();
+    foliage_items.clear();
+
+    // Add trunk and branches
+    addBranchRecurse(random, solid_volumes, VECTOR_ZERO, VECTOR_UP, randomizeValue(random, 0.05, 0.6, 1.0),
+                     randomizeValue(random, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0));
+
+    // Add foliage groups
+    for (const auto &branch : solid_volumes) {
+        double length = branch.getLength();
+        if (length < 0.2) {
+            double radius = length * 0.5;
+            Vector3 center = branch.getAxis().getOrigin().add(branch.getAxis().getDirection().scale(radius));
+            foliage_groups.push_back(Sphere(center, radius * 3.0));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Add foliage items
+    for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
+        double radius = 0.15;
+        double scale = randomizeValue(random, radius, 0.5, 1.0);
+        Vector3 dir = Vector3::randomInSphere(1.0 - radius, false, random);
+        Vector3 normal = dir.add(Vector3::randomInSphere(0.4, false, random)).add(Vector3(0.0, 0.3, 0.0)).normalize();
+        Disk leaf(dir, normal, scale);
+        foliage_items.push_back(leaf);
+    }
+}

src/definition/VegetationModelDefinition.h

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#ifndef VEGETATIONMODELDEFINITION_H
+#define VEGETATIONMODELDEFINITION_H
+
+#include "definition_global.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "DefinitionNode.h"
+#include "Sphere.h"
+#include "CappedCylinder.h"
+#include "Disk.h"
+
+namespace paysages {
+namespace definition {
+
+/**
+ * Model of vegetation.
+ */
+class DEFINITIONSHARED_EXPORT VegetationModelDefinition : public DefinitionNode {
+  public:
+    VegetationModelDefinition(DefinitionNode *parent);
+    virtual ~VegetationModelDefinition();
+
+    inline const SurfaceMaterial &getSolidMaterial() const {
+        return *solid_material;
+    }
+    inline const SurfaceMaterial &getFoliageMaterial() const {
+        return *foliage_material;
+    }
+
+    inline const vector<CappedCylinder> &getSolidVolumes() const {
+        return solid_volumes;
+    }
+    inline const vector<Sphere> &getFoliageGroups() const {
+        return foliage_groups;
+    }
+    inline const vector<Disk> &getFoliageItems() const {
+        return foliage_items;
+    }
+
+    virtual void save(PackStream *stream) const override;
+    virtual void load(PackStream *stream) override;
+    virtual void copy(DefinitionNode *destination) const override;
+    virtual void validate() override;
+
+    /**
+     * Randomize the model geometry.
+     */
+    void randomize(RandomGenerator &random = RandomGeneratorDefault);
+
+  private:
+    SurfaceMaterial *solid_material;
+    SurfaceMaterial *foliage_material;
+    vector<CappedCylinder> solid_volumes;
+    vector<Sphere> foliage_groups;
+    vector<Disk> foliage_items;
+};
+}
+}
+
+#endif // VEGETATIONMODELDEFINITION_H

src/definition/VegetationPresenceDefinition.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#include "VegetationPresenceDefinition.h"
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include "Scenery.h"
+#include "TerrainDefinition.h"
+#include "VegetationLayerDefinition.h"
+#include "VegetationModelDefinition.h"
+#include "VegetationInstance.h"
+#include "FloatNode.h"
+#include "NoiseNode.h"
+#include "NoiseGenerator.h"
+
+VegetationPresenceDefinition::VegetationPresenceDefinition(VegetationLayerDefinition *parent)
+    : DefinitionNode(parent, "presence") {
+    noise = new NoiseNode(this);
+    noise->setLevels(4);
+    interval = new FloatNode(this, "interval", 0.1);
+}
+
+bool VegetationPresenceDefinition::collectInstances(vector<VegetationInstance> *result,
+                                                    const VegetationModelDefinition &model, double xmin, double zmin,
+                                                    double xmax, double zmax, bool outcomers) const {
+    if (outcomers) {
+        // Expand the area to include outcoming instances
+        double max_radius = getMaxHeight();
+        xmin -= max_radius;
+        zmin -= max_radius;
+        xmax += max_radius;
+        zmax += max_radius;
+    }
+
+    bool added = 0;
+
+    const NoiseGenerator *generator = noise->getGenerator();
+    double interval_value = interval->getValue();
+
+    double xstart = xmin - fmod(xmin, interval_value);
+    double zstart = zmin - fmod(zmin, interval_value);
+    for (double x = xstart; x < xmax; x += interval_value) {
+        for (double z = zstart; z < zmax; z += interval_value) {
+            double noise_presence = generator->get2DTotal(x * 0.1, z * 0.1);
+            if (noise_presence > 0.0) {
+                double size =
+                    0.1 + 0.2 * fabs(generator->get2DTotal(z * 10.0, x * 10.0)) * (noise_presence * 0.5 + 0.5);
+                double angle = 3.0 * generator->get2DTotal(-x * 20.0, z * 20.0); // TODO balanced distribution
+                double xo = x + fabs(generator->get2DTotal(x * 12.0, -z * 12.0));
+                double zo = z + fabs(generator->get2DTotal(-x * 27.0, -z * 27.0));
+                if (xo >= xmin and xo < xmax and zo >= zmin and zo < zmax) {
+                    double y = getScenery()->getTerrain()->getInterpolatedHeight(xo, zo, true, true);
+                    result->push_back(VegetationInstance(model, Vector3(xo, y, zo), size, angle));
+                    added++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return added > 0;
+}
+
+double VegetationPresenceDefinition::getMaxHeight() const {
+    return 0.3;
+}

src/definition/VegetationPresenceDefinition.h

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#ifndef VEGETATIONPRESENCEDEFINITION_H
+#define VEGETATIONPRESENCEDEFINITION_H
+
+#include "definition_global.h"
+
+#include "DefinitionNode.h"
+
+namespace paysages {
+namespace definition {
+
+/**
+ * Definition of the presence of vegetation at locations.
+ */
+class DEFINITIONSHARED_EXPORT VegetationPresenceDefinition : public DefinitionNode {
+  public:
+    VegetationPresenceDefinition(VegetationLayerDefinition *parent);
+
+    /**
+     * Collect instances in a rectangle area.
+     *
+     * If *outcomers* is true, the rectangle area will be expanded to included potential instances that does not
+     *originate
+     * in the area, but may have leaves in it.
+     *
+     * The location vector set in collected instances is based on raw terrain height, without displacement.
+     * It's the renderer role to apply the correct displacement.
+     */
+    bool collectInstances(vector<VegetationInstance> *result, const VegetationModelDefinition &model, double xmin,
+                          double zmin, double xmax, double zmax, bool outcomers = true) const;
+
+    double getMaxHeight() const;
+
+  private:
+    NoiseNode *noise;
+    FloatNode *interval;
+};
+}
+}
+
+#endif // VEGETATIONPRESENCEDEFINITION_H

src/definition/definition_global.h

@@ -35,6 +35,11 @@ class TexturesDefinition;
 class TextureLayerDefinition;
 class TerrainDefinition;
 class TerrainHeightMap;
+class VegetationDefinition;
+class VegetationLayerDefinition;
+class VegetationModelDefinition;
+class VegetationPresenceDefinition;
+class VegetationInstance;
 class PaintedGrid;
 class PaintedGridData;
 class PaintedGridBrush;

src/interface/commandline/commandline.pro

@@ -32,3 +32,9 @@ else:win32:CONFIG(debug, debug|release): LIBS += -L$$OUT_PWD/../../render/softwa
 else:unix: LIBS += -L$$OUT_PWD/../../render/software/ -lpaysages_render_software
 INCLUDEPATH += $$PWD/../../render/software
 DEPENDPATH += $$PWD/../../render/software
+
+win32:CONFIG(release, debug|release): LIBS += -L$$OUT_PWD/../../render/opengl/release/ -lpaysages_render_opengl
+else:win32:CONFIG(debug, debug|release): LIBS += -L$$OUT_PWD/../../render/opengl/debug/ -lpaysages_render_opengl
+else:unix: LIBS += -L$$OUT_PWD/../../render/opengl/ -lpaysages_render_opengl
+INCLUDEPATH += $$PWD/../../render/opengl
+DEPENDPATH += $$PWD/../../render/opengl

src/interface/commandline/tests.cpp

@@ -17,13 +17,22 @@
 #include "LightFilter.h"
 #include "GodRaysSampler.h"
 #include "Rasterizer.h"
+#include "SpaceSegment.h"
+#include "OverlayRasterizer.h"
+#include "VegetationModelDefinition.h"
+#include "VegetationInstance.h"
+#include "VegetationRenderer.h"
+#include "RayCastingResult.h"
+#include "OpenGLVegetationImpostor.h"
+#include "Texture2D.h"
 #include "RandomGenerator.h"
 
 #include <sstream>
+#include <iostream>
 
 void startRender(SoftwareCanvasRenderer *renderer, const char *outputpath);
 
-static void startTestRender(SoftwareCanvasRenderer *renderer, const string &name, int iteration = -1) {
+static string getFileName(const string &name, int iteration = -1) {
     ostringstream stream;
 
     stream << "pic_test_" << name;
@@ -35,7 +44,11 @@ static void startTestRender(SoftwareCanvasRenderer *renderer, const string &name
     }
     stream << ".png";
 
-    startRender(renderer, stream.str().data());
+    return stream.str();
+}
+
+static void startTestRender(SoftwareCanvasRenderer *renderer, const string &name, int iteration = -1) {
+    startRender(renderer, getFileName(name, iteration).data());
 }
 
 static void testGroundShadowQuality() {
@@ -99,11 +112,11 @@ static void testCloudQuality() {
 
     SoftwareCanvasRenderer renderer(&scenery);
     renderer.setSize(600, 800);
-    SkyRasterizer *rasterizer = new SkyRasterizer(&renderer, renderer.getProgressHelper(), 0);
-    renderer.setSoloRasterizer(rasterizer);
+    SkyRasterizer rasterizer(&renderer, renderer.getProgressHelper(), 0);
+    renderer.setSoloRasterizer(&rasterizer);
     for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
         renderer.setQuality((double)i / 5.0);
-        rasterizer->setQuality(0.2);
+        rasterizer.setQuality(0.2);
         startTestRender(&renderer, "cloud_quality", i);
     }
 }
@@ -146,8 +159,8 @@ static void testGodRays() {
 
     TestRenderer renderer(&scenery);
     renderer.setSize(500, 300);
-    SkyRasterizer *rasterizer = new SkyRasterizer(&renderer, renderer.getProgressHelper(), 0);
-    renderer.setSoloRasterizer(rasterizer);
+    SkyRasterizer rasterizer(&renderer, renderer.getProgressHelper(), 0);
+    renderer.setSoloRasterizer(&rasterizer);
     TestLightFilter filter;
     renderer.getLightingManager()->clearFilters();
     renderer.getLightingManager()->registerFilter(&filter);
@@ -155,7 +168,7 @@ static void testGodRays() {
     // quality
     for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
         renderer.setQuality((double)i / 5.0);
-        rasterizer->setQuality(0.2);
+        rasterizer.setQuality(0.2);
         startTestRender(&renderer, "god_rays_quality", i);
     }
     renderer.setQuality(0.5);
@@ -231,6 +244,76 @@ static void testSunNearHorizon() {
     }
 }
 
+static void testVegetationModels() {
+    class InstanceRenderer : public SoftwareCanvasRenderer, public OverlayRasterizer, public LightFilter {
+      public:
+        InstanceRenderer(Scenery *scenery, const VegetationModelDefinition &model)
+            : SoftwareCanvasRenderer(scenery), OverlayRasterizer(this, this->getProgressHelper()),
+              instance(model, VECTOR_ZERO), vegetation(renderer->getVegetationRenderer()) {
+        }
+        virtual void prepare() override {
+            SoftwareCanvasRenderer::prepare();
+
+            getLightingManager()->clearFilters();
+            getLightingManager()->registerFilter(this);
+            // TODO Add filter for vegetation instance (for self shadows)
+        }
+        virtual Color applyMediumTraversal(const Vector3 &, const Color &color) override {
+            return color;
+        }
+        virtual Color processPixel(int, int, double relx, double rely) const override {
+            relx *= 0.75;
+            rely *= 0.75;
+            SpaceSegment segment(Vector3(relx, rely + 0.5, 5.0), Vector3(relx, rely + 0.5, -5.0));
+            RayCastingResult result = vegetation->renderInstance(segment, instance, false, true);
+            return result.hit ? result.hit_color : Color(0.6, 0.7, 0.9);
+        }
+        virtual bool applyLightFilter(LightComponent &light, const Vector3 &at) override {
+            SpaceSegment segment(at, at.add(light.direction.scale(-5.0)));
+            RayCastingResult result = vegetation->renderInstance(segment, instance, true, true);
+            return not result.hit;
+        }
+        VegetationInstance instance;
+        VegetationRenderer *vegetation;
+    };
+
+    Scenery scenery;
+    scenery.autoPreset(1);
+    scenery.getClouds()->clear();
+    scenery.getCamera()->setTarget(VECTOR_ZERO);
+    scenery.getCamera()->setLocation(Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 5.0));
+    int width = 800;
+    int height = 800;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        // TODO Make random sequence repeatable
+        VegetationModelDefinition model(NULL);
+        InstanceRenderer renderer(&scenery, model);
+        renderer.setSize(width, height);
+        renderer.setSoloRasterizer(&renderer);
+
+        startTestRender(&renderer, "vegetation_model_basic", i);
+    }
+}
+
+static void testOpenGLVegetationImpostor() {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        string filename = getFileName("opengl_vegetation_impostor", i);
+        cout << "Rendering " << filename << "..." << endl;
+
+        Scenery scenery;
+        scenery.autoPreset(i);
+
+        OpenGLVegetationImpostor impostor(128);
+        VegetationModelDefinition model(NULL);
+
+        bool interrupted = false;
+        impostor.prepareTexture(model, scenery, &interrupted);
+
+        impostor.getTexture()->saveToFile(filename);
+    }
+}
+
 void runTestSuite() {
     testGroundShadowQuality();
     testRasterizationQuality();
@@ -239,4 +322,6 @@ void runTestSuite() {
     testNearFrustum();
     testCloudsNearGround();
     testSunNearHorizon();
+    testVegetationModels();
+    testOpenGLVegetationImpostor();
 }

src/render/opengl/OpenGLPart.cpp

@@ -63,3 +63,11 @@ void OpenGLPart::updateScenery(bool onlyCommon) {
         update();
     }
 }
+
+Scenery *OpenGLPart::getScenery() const {
+    return renderer->getScenery();
+}
+
+OpenGLFunctions *OpenGLPart::getOpenGlFunctions() const {
+    return renderer->getOpenGlFunctions();
+}

src/render/opengl/OpenGLPart.h

@@ -40,6 +40,16 @@ class OPENGLSHARED_EXPORT OpenGLPart {
 
     void updateScenery(bool onlyCommon = false);
 
+    /**
+     * Get access to rendered scenery.
+     */
+    Scenery *getScenery() const;
+
+    /**
+     * Get access to OpenGL functions.
+     */
+    OpenGLFunctions *getOpenGlFunctions() const;
+
     inline const string &getName() const {
         return name;
     }

src/render/opengl/OpenGLRenderer.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@
 #include "OpenGLSkybox.h"
 #include "OpenGLWater.h"
 #include "OpenGLTerrain.h"
+#include "OpenGLVegetation.h"
 #include "CloudsRenderer.h"
+#include "VegetationRenderer.h"
 #include "Color.h"
 #include "Scenery.h"
 #include "LightingManager.h"
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ OpenGLRenderer::OpenGLRenderer(Scenery *scenery) : SoftwareRenderer(scenery) {
     parts.push_back(skybox = new OpenGLSkybox(this));
     parts.push_back(water = new OpenGLWater(this));
     parts.push_back(terrain = new OpenGLTerrain(this));
+    parts.push_back(vegetation = new OpenGLVegetation(this));
 }
 
 OpenGLRenderer::~OpenGLRenderer() {
@@ -59,6 +62,15 @@ OpenGLRenderer::~OpenGLRenderer() {
     delete shared_state;
 }
 
+void OpenGLRenderer::prepare() {
+    SoftwareRenderer::prepare();
+
+    getCloudsRenderer()->setEnabled(false);
+    getLightingManager()->setSpecularity(false);
+    getGodRaysSampler()->setEnabled(false);
+    getVegetationRenderer()->setEnabled(false);
+}
+
 void OpenGLRenderer::checkForErrors(const string &domain) {
     int error_code;
     while ((error_code = functions->glGetError()) != GL_NO_ERROR) {
@@ -77,9 +89,9 @@ void OpenGLRenderer::destroy() {
 }
 
 void OpenGLRenderer::initialize() {
-    ready = functions->initializeOpenGLFunctions();
+    bool init = functions->initializeOpenGLFunctions();
 
-    if (ready) {
+    if (init) {
         Logs::debug() << "[OpenGL] renderer started (version " << functions->glGetString(GL_VERSION)
                       << ", glsl version " << functions->glGetString(GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION) << ")" << endl;
 
@@ -87,10 +99,6 @@ void OpenGLRenderer::initialize() {
 
         prepare();
 
-        getCloudsRenderer()->setEnabled(false);
-        getLightingManager()->setSpecularity(false);
-        getGodRaysSampler()->setEnabled(false);
-
         for (auto part : parts) {
             part->initialize();
             part->updateScenery();
@@ -99,6 +107,7 @@ void OpenGLRenderer::initialize() {
         cameraChangeEvent(render_camera);
 
         checkForErrors("initialize");
+        ready = true;
     } else {
         Logs::error() << "[OpenGL] Failed to initialize api bindings" << endl;
     }
@@ -111,7 +120,7 @@ void OpenGLRenderer::prepareOpenGLState(bool clear) {
         functions->glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
 
         functions->glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);
-        functions->glDepthMask(1);
+        functions->glDepthMask(GL_TRUE);
         functions->glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
 
         functions->glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);
@@ -241,6 +250,9 @@ void OpenGLRenderer::cameraChangeEvent(CameraDefinition *camera) {
     // Set in shaders
     shared_state->set("cameraLocation", location);
     shared_state->set("viewMatrix", *view_matrix);
+
+    // Broadcast to parts
+    vegetation->cameraChanged(camera);
 }
 
 double OpenGLRenderer::getPrecision(const Vector3 &) {

src/render/opengl/OpenGLRenderer.h

@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@ class OPENGLSHARED_EXPORT OpenGLRenderer : public SoftwareRenderer {
     inline OpenGLTerrain *getTerrain() const {
         return terrain;
     }
+    inline OpenGLVegetation *getVegetation() const {
+        return vegetation;
+    }
     inline bool isDisplayed() const {
         return displayed;
     }
@@ -39,6 +42,8 @@ class OPENGLSHARED_EXPORT OpenGLRenderer : public SoftwareRenderer {
         return stopped;
     }
 
+    virtual void prepare() override;
+
     /**
      * Check for errors in OpenGL context.
      *
@@ -137,6 +142,7 @@ class OPENGLSHARED_EXPORT OpenGLRenderer : public SoftwareRenderer {
     OpenGLSkybox *skybox;
     OpenGLWater *water;
     OpenGLTerrain *terrain;
+    OpenGLVegetation *vegetation;
 
     vector<OpenGLPart *> parts;
 };

src/render/opengl/OpenGLShaderProgram.cpp

@@ -16,11 +16,13 @@ OpenGLShaderProgram::OpenGLShaderProgram(const string &name, OpenGLRenderer *ren
     : renderer(renderer), name(name) {
     program = new QOpenGLShaderProgram();
     functions = renderer->getOpenGlFunctions();
+    state = new OpenGLSharedState();
     compiled = false;
 }
 
 OpenGLShaderProgram::~OpenGLShaderProgram() {
     delete program;
+    delete state;
 }
 
 void OpenGLShaderProgram::addVertexSource(const string &path) {
@@ -87,9 +89,9 @@ void OpenGLShaderProgram::release() {
     program->release();
 }
 
-void OpenGLShaderProgram::draw(OpenGLVertexArray *vertices, OpenGLSharedState *state) {
+void OpenGLShaderProgram::draw(OpenGLVertexArray *vertices, OpenGLSharedState *state, int start, int count) {
     if (bind(state)) {
-        vertices->render(functions);
+        vertices->render(functions, start, count);
 
         release();
     }

src/render/opengl/OpenGLShaderProgram.h

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class OPENGLSHARED_EXPORT OpenGLShaderProgram {
      *
      * *state* is optional and may add ponctual variables to the global state.
      */
-    void draw(OpenGLVertexArray *vertices, OpenGLSharedState *state = NULL);
+    void draw(OpenGLVertexArray *vertices, OpenGLSharedState *state = NULL, int start=0, int count=-1);
 
     inline QOpenGLShaderProgram *getProgram() const {
         return program;
@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@ class OPENGLSHARED_EXPORT OpenGLShaderProgram {
     inline OpenGLRenderer *getRenderer() const {
         return renderer;
     }
+    inline OpenGLSharedState *getState() const {
+        return state;
+    }
 
   protected:
     friend class OpenGLVariable;
@@ -59,6 +62,8 @@ class OPENGLSHARED_EXPORT OpenGLShaderProgram {
     QOpenGLShaderProgram *program;
     OpenGLFunctions *functions;
 
+    OpenGLSharedState *state;
+
     string source_vertex;
     string source_fragment;
 };

src/render/opengl/OpenGLSharedState.cpp

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 OpenGLSharedState::OpenGLSharedState() {
 }
 
-paysages::opengl::OpenGLSharedState::~OpenGLSharedState() {
+OpenGLSharedState::~OpenGLSharedState() {
     for (const auto &pair : variables) {
         delete pair.second;
     }

src/render/opengl/OpenGLSharedState.h

@@ -37,6 +37,12 @@ class OPENGLSHARED_EXPORT OpenGLSharedState {
     OpenGLVariable *get(const string &name);
 
     // Shortcuts
+    inline void setInt(const string &name, int value) {
+        get(name)->set(value);
+    }
+    inline void set(const string &name, float value) {
+        get(name)->set(value);
+    }
     inline void set(const string &name, const Texture2D *texture, bool repeat = false, bool color = true) {
         get(name)->set(texture, repeat, color);
     }
@@ -49,9 +55,6 @@ class OPENGLSHARED_EXPORT OpenGLSharedState {
     inline void set(const string &name, const Texture4D *texture, bool repeat = false, bool color = true) {
         get(name)->set(texture, repeat, color);
     }
-    inline void set(const string &name, float value) {
-        get(name)->set(value);
-    }
     inline void set(const string &name, const Vector3 &vector) {
         get(name)->set(vector);
     }

src/render/opengl/OpenGLSkybox.cpp

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
 #include "FloatNode.h"
 #include "Logs.h"
 
-static const std::string path_daytime = "/atmosphere/daytime";
-static const std::string path_humidity = "/atmosphere/humidity";
-static const std::string path_sun_radius = "/atmosphere/sun_radius";
+static const string path_daytime = "/atmosphere/daytime";
+static const string path_humidity = "/atmosphere/humidity";
+static const string path_sun_radius = "/atmosphere/sun_radius";
 
 OpenGLSkybox::OpenGLSkybox(OpenGLRenderer *renderer) : OpenGLPart(renderer, "skybox") {
     program = createShader("skybox");

src/render/opengl/OpenGLVariable.cpp

@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@ void OpenGLVariable::apply(OpenGLShaderProgram *program, int &texture_unit) {
     }
 
     switch (type) {
+    case TYPE_INTEGER:
+        pr->setUniformValue(name.c_str(), value_int);
+        break;
     case TYPE_FLOAT:
         pr->setUniformValue(name.c_str(), value_float);
         break;
@@ -217,6 +220,13 @@ void OpenGLVariable::set(const Texture4D *texture, bool repeat, bool color) {
     texture_color = color;
 }
 
+void OpenGLVariable::set(int value) {
+    assert(type == TYPE_NONE or type == TYPE_INTEGER);
+
+    type = TYPE_INTEGER;
+    value_int = value;
+}
+
 void OpenGLVariable::set(float value) {
     assert(type == TYPE_NONE or type == TYPE_FLOAT);
 

src/render/opengl/OpenGLVariable.h

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ class OpenGLVariable {
         TYPE_TEXTURE_2D,
         TYPE_TEXTURE_3D,
         TYPE_TEXTURE_4D,
+        TYPE_INTEGER,
         TYPE_FLOAT,
         TYPE_VECTOR3,
         TYPE_MATRIX4,
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ class OpenGLVariable {
     void set(const QImage &texture, bool repeat = false, bool color = true);
     void set(const Texture3D *texture, bool repeat = false, bool color = true);
     void set(const Texture4D *texture, bool repeat = false, bool color = true);
+    void set(int value);
     void set(float value);
     void set(const Vector3 &vector);
     void set(const QVector3D &vector);
@@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ class OpenGLVariable {
     string name;
     OpenGLVariableType type;
 
+    int value_int;
     float value_float;
     QColor *value_color;
     QVector3D *value_vector3;

src/render/opengl/OpenGLVegetation.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#include "OpenGLVegetation.h"
+
+#include "OpenGLRenderer.h"
+#include "OpenGLShaderProgram.h"
+#include "OpenGLVegetationLayer.h"
+#include "Thread.h"
+#include "Mutex.h"
+#include "Scenery.h"
+#include "VegetationDefinition.h"
+#include "VegetationLayerDefinition.h"
+
+class paysages::opengl::VegetationUpdater : public Thread {
+  public:
+    VegetationUpdater(OpenGLVegetation *vegetation) : vegetation(vegetation) {
+        interrupted = false;
+    }
+
+    void interrupt(bool wait = true) {
+        interrupted = true;
+        if (wait) {
+            join();
+        }
+    }
+
+  protected:
+    virtual void run() override {
+        while (not interrupted) {
+            vector<OpenGLVegetationLayer *> layers;
+            vegetation->acquireLayers(layers);
+            for (auto layer : layers) {
+                layer->threadedUpdate();
+            }
+            vegetation->releaseLayers(layers);
+            timeSleepMs(100);
+        }
+    }
+
+  private:
+    bool interrupted;
+    OpenGLVegetation *vegetation;
+};
+
+OpenGLVegetation::OpenGLVegetation(OpenGLRenderer *renderer) : OpenGLPart(renderer, "vegetation") {
+    layers_lock = new Mutex();
+    updater = new VegetationUpdater(this);
+    enabled = true;
+
+    // Watch scenery changes
+    renderer->getScenery()->getVegetation()->addWatcher(this, true);
+}
+
+OpenGLVegetation::~OpenGLVegetation() {
+    for (auto layer : layers) {
+        delete layer;
+    }
+    layers.clear();
+
+    delete layers_lock;
+
+    updater->interrupt();
+    delete updater;
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetation::initialize() {
+    // Start the threaded updater
+    updater->start();
+
+    // Prepare shader programs
+    program = createShader("vegetation");
+    program->addVertexSource("vegetation");
+    program->addFragmentSource("atmosphere");
+    program->addFragmentSource("tonemapping");
+    program->addFragmentSource("ui");
+    program->addFragmentSource("vegetation");
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetation::update() {
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetation::render() {
+    if (enabled) {
+        vector<OpenGLVegetationLayer *> layers;
+        acquireLayers(layers);
+        for (auto layer : layers) {
+            layer->render();
+        }
+        releaseLayers(layers);
+    }
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetation::nodeChanged(const DefinitionNode *node, const DefinitionDiff *) {
+    if (node->getPath() == "/vegetation") {
+        updateLayers();
+    }
+}
+
+Scenery *OpenGLVegetation::getScenery() const {
+    return renderer->getScenery();
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetation::cameraChanged(const CameraDefinition *camera) {
+    vector<OpenGLVegetationLayer *> layers;
+    acquireLayers(layers);
+    for (auto layer : layers) {
+        layer->setCamera(camera);
+    }
+    releaseLayers(layers);
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetation::acquireLayers(vector<OpenGLVegetationLayer *> &layers) {
+    layers_lock->acquire();
+
+    for (auto layer : this->layers) {
+        // TODO Reference count
+        layers.push_back(layer);
+    }
+
+    layers_lock->release();
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetation::releaseLayers(const vector<OpenGLVegetationLayer *> &layers) {
+    // TODO Reference count
+}
+
+OpenGLVegetationLayer *OpenGLVegetation::findLayer(VegetationLayerDefinition *layer) {
+    for (auto &l : layers) {
+        if (l->getDefinition() == layer) {
+            return l;
+        }
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetation::setEnabled(bool enabled) {
+    this->enabled = enabled;
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetation::updateLayers() {
+    layers_lock->acquire();
+
+    // Add missing layers
+    int n = renderer->getScenery()->getVegetation()->getLayerCount();
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        VegetationLayerDefinition *layer = renderer->getScenery()->getVegetation()->getVegetationLayer(i);
+        if (!findLayer(layer)) {
+            layers.push_back(new OpenGLVegetationLayer(this, layer));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO Mark extraneous layers for deletion
+
+    layers_lock->release();
+}

src/render/opengl/OpenGLVegetation.h

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#ifndef OPENGLVEGETATION_H
+#define OPENGLVEGETATION_H
+
+#include "opengl_global.h"
+
+#include "OpenGLPart.h"
+#include "DefinitionWatcher.h"
+
+#include <map>
+
+namespace paysages {
+namespace opengl {
+
+class VegetationUpdater;
+
+class OPENGLSHARED_EXPORT OpenGLVegetation : public OpenGLPart, public DefinitionWatcher {
+  public:
+    OpenGLVegetation(OpenGLRenderer *renderer);
+    virtual ~OpenGLVegetation();
+
+    inline int getLayerCount() {
+        return layers.size();
+    }
+    inline OpenGLVegetationLayer *getLayer(int i) {
+        return layers[i];
+    }
+    inline OpenGLShaderProgram *getProgram() {
+        return program;
+    }
+
+    virtual void initialize() override;
+    virtual void update() override;
+    virtual void render() override;
+
+    virtual void nodeChanged(const DefinitionNode *node, const DefinitionDiff *diff) override;
+
+    /**
+     * Get the currently rendered scenery.
+     */
+    Scenery *getScenery() const;
+
+    /**
+     * Call this when the dynamic camera (not the scenery one) changed.
+     */
+    void cameraChanged(const CameraDefinition *camera);
+
+    /**
+     * Acquire the current layers for processing.
+     *
+     * Don't forget to call releaseLayers once done with them.
+     *
+     * This will not hold a lock on them, but increment a reference counter to not delete them while in use.
+     */
+    void acquireLayers(vector<OpenGLVegetationLayer *> &layers);
+
+    /**
+     * Release the layers acquired by acquireLayers.
+     */
+    void releaseLayers(const vector<OpenGLVegetationLayer *> &layers);
+
+    /**
+     * Find a rendering layer, by the matching definition layer.
+     */
+    OpenGLVegetationLayer *findLayer(VegetationLayerDefinition *layer);
+
+    /**
+     * Enable or disable the whole vegetation rendering.
+     */
+    void setEnabled(bool enabled);
+
+    /**
+     * Update the *layers* member from the scenery.
+     *
+     * This will create missing layers, and mark extraneous ones for deletion.
+     * This will not update existing layers (they should update themselves by watching their definition).
+     */
+    void updateLayers();
+
+  private:
+    OpenGLShaderProgram *program;
+    bool enabled;
+    vector<OpenGLVegetationLayer *> layers;
+    Mutex *layers_lock;
+    VegetationUpdater *updater;
+};
+}
+}
+
+#endif // OPENGLVEGETATION_H

src/render/opengl/OpenGLVegetationImpostor.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+#include "OpenGLVegetationImpostor.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include "OpenGLShaderProgram.h"
+#include "OpenGLSharedState.h"
+#include "OpenGLVertexArray.h"
+#include "OpenGLVegetationInstance.h"
+#include "Texture2D.h"
+#include "SoftwareRenderer.h"
+#include "Scenery.h"
+#include "AtmosphereDefinition.h"
+#include "GodRaysSampler.h"
+#include "VegetationRenderer.h"
+#include "VegetationInstance.h"
+#include "RayCastingResult.h"
+#include "SpaceSegment.h"
+#include "Matrix4.h"
+#include "LightingManager.h"
+#include "CameraDefinition.h"
+
+// Get the rotation matrix for an impostor grid index
+static inline Matrix4 matrixForIndex(int index) {
+    if (index == 0) {
+        return Matrix4::newRotateZ(M_PI_2);
+    } else if (index < 6) {
+        return Matrix4::newRotateY(M_2PI * (double)(index - 1) * 0.2).mult(Matrix4::newRotateZ(M_PI_4));
+    } else {
+        return Matrix4::newRotateY(M_2PI * (double)(index - 6) * 0.1);
+    }
+}
+
+OpenGLVegetationImpostor::OpenGLVegetationImpostor(int partsize) {
+    int parts = 4;
+
+    vertices = new OpenGLVertexArray(true, true);
+    vertices->setVertexCount(4 * parts * parts);
+    texture_size = partsize * parts;
+    texture = new Texture2D(texture_size, texture_size);
+    texture_changed = false;
+
+    state = new OpenGLSharedState();
+
+    setVertex(0, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+    setVertex(1, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+    setVertex(2, 1.0f, 0.0f);
+    setVertex(3, 1.0f, 1.0f);
+}
+
+OpenGLVegetationImpostor::~OpenGLVegetationImpostor() {
+    delete vertices;
+    delete state;
+    delete texture;
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetationImpostor::render(OpenGLShaderProgram *program, const OpenGLVegetationInstance *instance,
+                                      int instance_index, const Vector3 &camera_location) {
+    if (instance_index == 0 or texture_changed) {
+        texture_changed = false;
+        state->set("impostorTexture", texture);
+    }
+
+    int index = getIndex(camera_location, instance->getBase());
+    state->setInt("index", index);
+    state->set("offset", instance->getBase());
+    state->set("size", 2.0 * instance->getSize());
+    program->draw(vertices, state, index * 4, 4);
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetationImpostor::prepareTexture(const VegetationModelDefinition &model, const Scenery &environment,
+                                              bool *interrupt) {
+    Scenery scenery;
+    environment.getAtmosphere()->copy(scenery.getAtmosphere());
+    SoftwareRenderer renderer(&scenery);
+    // FIXME Self light filtering
+    renderer.getLightingManager()->clearFilters();
+    renderer.getGodRaysSampler()->setEnabled(false);
+    VegetationRenderer *vegetation = renderer.getVegetationRenderer();
+    VegetationInstance instance(model, VECTOR_ZERO);
+
+    int parts = 4;
+    int partsize = texture_size / parts;
+    for (int py = 0; py < parts; py++) {
+        for (int px = 0; px < parts; px++) {
+            int index = py * parts + px;
+            Matrix4 rotation = matrixForIndex(index);
+
+            Vector3 cam(5.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+            scenery.getCamera()->setLocation(rotation.multPoint(cam));
+            scenery.getCamera()->setTarget(VECTOR_ZERO);
+            renderer.prepare();
+
+            int startx = px * partsize;
+            int starty = py * partsize;
+
+            for (int x = 0; x < partsize; x++) {
+                double dx = (double)x / (double)partsize;
+                for (int y = 0; y < partsize; y++) {
+                    double dy = (double)y / (double)partsize;
+
+                    Vector3 near(5.0, dy - 0.5, -(dx - 0.5));
+                    Vector3 far(-5.0, dy - 0.5, -(dx - 0.5));
+                    SpaceSegment segment(rotation.multPoint(near.scale(2.0)).add(VECTOR_UP.scale(0.5)),
+                                         rotation.multPoint(far.scale(2.0)).add(VECTOR_UP.scale(0.5)));
+
+                    RayCastingResult result = vegetation->renderInstance(segment, instance, false, true);
+                    texture->setPixel(startx + x, starty + y,
+                                      result.hit ? result.hit_color.normalized() : COLOR_TRANSPARENT);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    texture_changed = true;
+}
+
+int OpenGLVegetationImpostor::getIndex(const Vector3 &camera, const Vector3 &instance) const {
+    int result;
+
+    VectorSpherical diff = camera.sub(instance).toSpherical();
+    if (diff.theta > 1.0) {
+        return 0;
+    } else {
+        double angle = diff.phi / M_2PI;
+        if (diff.theta > 0.4) {
+            angle = (angle >= 0.9) ? 0.0 : (angle + 0.1);
+            return 1 + (int)(5.0 * angle);
+        } else {
+            angle = (angle >= 0.95) ? 0.0 : (angle + 0.05);
+            return 6 + (int)(10.0 * angle);
+        }
+    }
+
+    assert(result >= 0 and result <= 16);
+    return result;
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetationImpostor::setVertex(int i, float u, float v) {
+    int parts = 4;
+    for (int py = 0; py < parts; py++) {
+        for (int px = 0; px < parts; px++) {
+            int index = py * parts + px;
+            Matrix4 rotation = matrixForIndex(index);
+
+            Vector3 vertex = rotation.multPoint(Vector3(1.0, u, -(v - 0.5)));
+            vertices->set(index * 4 + i, vertex, u, v);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/render/opengl/OpenGLVegetationImpostor.h

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#ifndef OPENGLVEGETATIONIMPOSTOR_H
+#define OPENGLVEGETATIONIMPOSTOR_H
+
+#include "opengl_global.h"
+
+namespace paysages {
+namespace opengl {
+
+/**
+ * A tool to render an "impostor" of a vegetation layer.
+ */
+class OPENGLSHARED_EXPORT OpenGLVegetationImpostor {
+  public:
+    OpenGLVegetationImpostor(int partsize = 64);
+    ~OpenGLVegetationImpostor();
+
+    inline const Texture2D *getTexture() const {
+        return texture;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Render a single instance using this impostor.
+     */
+    void render(OpenGLShaderProgram *program, const OpenGLVegetationInstance *instance, int instance_index,
+                const Vector3 &camera_location);
+
+    /**
+     * Prepare the texture grid for a given model.
+     */
+    void prepareTexture(const VegetationModelDefinition &model, const Scenery &environment, bool *interrupt);
+
+    /**
+     * Get the impostor grid index for an instance, to face the camera.
+     */
+    int getIndex(const Vector3 &camera, const Vector3 &instance) const;
+
+  private:
+    void setVertex(int i, float u, float v);
+
+  private:
+    OpenGLVertexArray *vertices;
+    OpenGLSharedState *state;
+    int texture_size;
+    bool texture_changed;
+    Texture2D *texture;
+};
+}
+}
+
+#endif // OPENGLVEGETATIONIMPOSTOR_H

src/render/opengl/OpenGLVegetationInstance.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include "OpenGLVegetationInstance.h"
+
+#include "VegetationInstance.h"
+
+OpenGLVegetationInstance::OpenGLVegetationInstance(const VegetationInstance &wrapped) : wrapped(wrapped) {
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetationInstance::setDistance(double distance) {
+    this->distance = distance;
+}

src/render/opengl/OpenGLVegetationInstance.h

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#ifndef OPENGLVEGETATIONINSTANCE_H
+#define OPENGLVEGETATIONINSTANCE_H
+
+#include "opengl_global.h"
+
+#include "VegetationInstance.h"
+
+namespace paysages {
+namespace opengl {
+
+/**
+ * A single instance of vegetation.
+ */
+class OPENGLSHARED_EXPORT OpenGLVegetationInstance {
+  public:
+    OpenGLVegetationInstance(const VegetationInstance &wrapped);
+
+    inline const VegetationModelDefinition &getModel() const {
+        return wrapped.getModel();
+    }
+    inline const Vector3 &getBase() const {
+        return wrapped.getBase();
+    }
+    inline double getSize() const {
+        return wrapped.getSize();
+    }
+    inline double getDistance() const {
+        return distance;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the distance to camera, mainly for sorting.
+     */
+    void setDistance(double distance);
+
+  private:
+    VegetationInstance wrapped;
+    double distance;
+};
+}
+}
+
+#endif // OPENGLVEGETATIONINSTANCE_H

src/render/opengl/OpenGLVegetationLayer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+#include "OpenGLVegetationLayer.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include "Vector3.h"
+#include "CameraDefinition.h"
+#include "Mutex.h"
+#include "OpenGLFunctions.h"
+#include "OpenGLVegetation.h"
+#include "OpenGLVegetationInstance.h"
+#include "OpenGLVegetationImpostor.h"
+#include "VegetationLayerDefinition.h"
+#include "VegetationPresenceDefinition.h"
+
+OpenGLVegetationLayer::OpenGLVegetationLayer(OpenGLVegetation *parent, VegetationLayerDefinition *definition,
+                                             bool own_instances)
+    : parent(parent), definition(definition), own_instances(own_instances) {
+    lock_instances = new Mutex;
+    camera_location = new Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+    impostor = new OpenGLVegetationImpostor();
+    range = 10.0;
+
+    reset();
+}
+
+OpenGLVegetationLayer::~OpenGLVegetationLayer() {
+    delete camera_location;
+    delete lock_instances;
+    delete impostor;
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetationLayer::produceInstancesInArea(double xmin, double xmax, double zmin, double zmax,
+                                                   vector<OpenGLVegetationInstance *> *instances) const {
+    vector<VegetationInstance> result;
+    definition->getPresence()->collectInstances(&result, *definition->getModel(), xmin, zmin, xmax, zmax, false);
+    for (auto raw_instance : result) {
+        instances->push_back(new OpenGLVegetationInstance(raw_instance));
+    }
+}
+
+static bool isNull(void *ptr) {
+    return ptr == NULL;
+}
+
+static bool compareInstances(OpenGLVegetationInstance *instance1, OpenGLVegetationInstance *instance2) {
+    return instance1->getDistance() > instance2->getDistance();
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetationLayer::removeInstancesOutsideArea(double xmin, double xmax, double zmin, double zmax,
+                                                       vector<OpenGLVegetationInstance *> *instances) const {
+    for (auto &instance : *instances) {
+        Vector3 base = instance->getBase();
+        if (base.x < xmin or base.x >= xmax or base.z < zmin or base.z >= zmax) {
+            if (own_instances) {
+                delete instance;
+            }
+            instance = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    instances->erase(remove_if(instances->begin(), instances->end(), isNull), instances->end());
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetationLayer::updateInstances() {
+    // Compute new area around camera
+    double newxmin, newxmax, newzmin, newzmax;
+    newxmin = camera_location->x - range;
+    newxmax = camera_location->x + range;
+    newzmin = camera_location->z - range;
+    newzmax = camera_location->z + range;
+
+    // Prepare instances where area grew
+    vector<OpenGLVegetationInstance *> new_instances;
+    if (newxmin < xmin) {
+        produceInstancesInArea(newxmin, xmin, newzmin, newzmax, &new_instances);
+    }
+    if (newxmax > xmax) {
+        produceInstancesInArea(xmax, newxmax, newzmin, newzmax, &new_instances);
+    }
+    if (newzmin < zmin) {
+        produceInstancesInArea(xmin, xmax, newzmin, zmin, &new_instances);
+    }
+    if (newzmax > zmax) {
+        produceInstancesInArea(xmin, xmax, zmax, newzmax, &new_instances);
+    }
+
+    // Apply the changes
+    lock_instances->acquire();
+    xmin = newxmin;
+    xmax = newxmax;
+    zmin = newzmin;
+    zmax = newzmax;
+    removeInstancesOutsideArea(xmin, xmax, zmin, zmax, &instances);
+    instances.insert(instances.end(), new_instances.begin(), new_instances.end());
+    for (auto instance : instances) {
+        instance->setDistance(instance->getBase().sub(*camera_location).getNorm());
+    }
+    sort(instances.begin(), instances.end(), compareInstances);
+    lock_instances->release();
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetationLayer::updateImpostor() {
+    bool interrupted = false;
+    impostor->prepareTexture(*definition->getModel(), *parent->getScenery(), &interrupted);
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetationLayer::threadedUpdate() {
+    if (camera_changed) {
+        camera_changed = false;
+
+        updateInstances();
+        updateImpostor();
+    }
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetationLayer::render() {
+    lock_instances->acquire();
+
+    // TODO Instanced rendering
+    int index = 0;
+    for (auto instance : instances) {
+        impostor->render(parent->getProgram(), instance, index++, *camera_location);
+    }
+
+    lock_instances->release();
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetationLayer::reset() {
+    lock_instances->acquire();
+    camera_changed = true;
+    xmin = 0.0;
+    xmax = 0.0;
+    zmin = 0.0;
+    zmax = 0.0;
+    if (own_instances) {
+        for (auto instance : instances) {
+            delete instance;
+        }
+    }
+    instances.clear();
+    lock_instances->release();
+}
+
+void OpenGLVegetationLayer::setCamera(const CameraDefinition *camera) {
+    if (camera_location->sub(camera->getLocation()).getNorm() > 1.0) {
+        *camera_location = camera->getLocation();
+        camera_changed = true;
+    }
+}

src/render/opengl/OpenGLVegetationLayer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#ifndef OPENGLVEGETATIONLAYER_H
+#define OPENGLVEGETATIONLAYER_H
+
+#include "opengl_global.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace paysages {
+namespace opengl {
+
+class OPENGLSHARED_EXPORT OpenGLVegetationLayer {
+  public:
+    OpenGLVegetationLayer(OpenGLVegetation *parent, VegetationLayerDefinition *definition, bool own_instances = true);
+    virtual ~OpenGLVegetationLayer();
+
+    inline auto getDefinition() const {
+        return definition;
+    }
+    inline int getInstanceCount() const {
+        return (int)instances.size();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Collect instances in a given area, and add them to the array *instances*.
+     *
+     * The array is not checked for already present instances.
+     */
+    virtual void produceInstancesInArea(double xmin, double xmax, double zmin, double zmax,
+                                        vector<OpenGLVegetationInstance *> *instances) const;
+
+    /**
+     * Remove instances outside of a given area.
+     */
+    virtual void removeInstancesOutsideArea(double xmin, double xmax, double zmin, double zmax,
+                                            vector<OpenGLVegetationInstance *> *instances) const;
+
+    /**
+     * Update the instances list.
+     *
+     * This should be called when the camera has moved enough to make a change.
+     */
+    void updateInstances();
+
+    /**
+     * Update the impostor textures.
+     *
+     * This should be called when the camera has moved enough to make a change.
+     */
+    void updateImpostor();
+
+    /**
+     * Perform maintenance tasks that can be perform in a thread.
+     *
+     * This will be called from a thread separate from the main GUI thread,
+     * so it should not call OpenGL functions.
+     */
+    void threadedUpdate();
+
+    /**
+     * Render the vegetation layer.
+     *
+     * This is called from the GUI thread.
+     */
+    void render();
+
+    /**
+     * Reset to an initial state.
+     *
+     * It is only useful (and safe) from unit testing.
+     */
+    void reset();
+
+    /**
+     * Set the current camera in use.
+     */
+    void setCamera(const CameraDefinition *camera);
+
+  private:
+    OpenGLVegetation *parent;
+    VegetationLayerDefinition *definition;
+    double xmin;
+    double xmax;
+    double zmin;
+    double zmax;
+    double range;
+    bool own_instances;
+    vector<OpenGLVegetationInstance *> instances;
+    Mutex *lock_instances;
+    OpenGLVegetationImpostor *impostor;
+    Vector3 *camera_location;
+    bool camera_changed;
+};
+}
+}
+
+#endif // OPENGLVEGETATIONLAYER_H

src/render/opengl/OpenGLVertexArray.cpp

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ void OpenGLVertexArray::destroy(OpenGLFunctions *functions) {
     }
 }
 
-void OpenGLVertexArray::render(OpenGLFunctions *functions) {
+void OpenGLVertexArray::render(OpenGLFunctions *functions, int start, int count) {
     if (changed) {
         changed = false;
         update(functions);
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ void OpenGLVertexArray::render(OpenGLFunctions *functions) {
 
     if (vertexcount and vao) {
         functions->glBindVertexArray(vao);
-        functions->glDrawArrays(draw_mode, 0, vertexcount);
+        functions->glDrawArrays(draw_mode, start, count < 0 ? vertexcount : count);
         functions->glBindVertexArray(0);
     }
 }

src/render/opengl/OpenGLVertexArray.h

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class OpenGLVertexArray {
      *
      * A shader program must be bound (and uniforms defined) when calling this.
      */
-    void render(OpenGLFunctions *functions);
+    void render(OpenGLFunctions *functions, int start=0, int count=-1);
 
     /**
      * Set the vertex total count.

src/render/opengl/OpenGLWater.cpp

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 #include "IntNode.h"
 #include "Logs.h"
 
-static const std::string path_height = "/terrain/water_height";
-static const std::string path_reflection = "/water/reflection";
-static const std::string path_model = "/water/model";
+static const string path_height = "/terrain/water_height";
+static const string path_reflection = "/water/reflection";
+static const string path_model = "/water/model";
 
 OpenGLWater::OpenGLWater(OpenGLRenderer *renderer) : OpenGLPart(renderer, "water") {
     enabled = true;

src/render/opengl/opengl.pro

@@ -55,3 +55,7 @@ RESOURCES += \
 OTHER_FILES += \
     shaders/*.frag \
     shaders/*.vert
+
+DISTFILES += \
+    shaders/vegetation.frag \
+    shaders/vegetation.vert

src/render/opengl/opengl_global.h

@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ class OpenGLVertexArray;
 class OpenGLSkybox;
 class OpenGLWater;
 class OpenGLTerrain;
+class OpenGLVegetation;
+class OpenGLVegetationLayer;
+class OpenGLVegetationInstance;
+class OpenGLVegetationImpostor;
 class OpenGLTerrainChunk;
 template <typename Vertex> class VertexArray;
 }

src/render/opengl/shaders/resources.qrc

@@ -11,5 +11,7 @@
         <file>fadeout.frag</file>
         <file>noise.frag</file>
         <file>ui.frag</file>
+        <file>vegetation.vert</file>
+        <file>vegetation.frag</file>
     </qresource>
 </RCC>

src/render/opengl/shaders/vegetation.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+in vec2 texcoord;
+uniform sampler2D impostorTexture;
+out vec4 final_color;
+
+void main(void)
+{
+    final_color = texture(impostorTexture, texcoord);
+    float alpha = final_color.a;
+
+    final_color = applyAerialPerspective(final_color);
+
+    final_color = applyToneMapping(final_color);
+
+    final_color = applyMouseTracking(unprojected, final_color);
+    final_color.a = alpha;
+}

src/render/opengl/shaders/vegetation.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+in highp vec3 vertex;
+in highp vec2 uv;
+uniform highp mat4 viewMatrix;
+uniform highp vec3 offset;
+uniform float size;
+uniform int index;
+out vec3 unprojected;
+out vec2 texcoord;
+uniform float waterOffset;
+
+void main(void)
+{
+    unprojected = offset + size * vertex;  // + vec3(0, waterOffset, 0)
+    texcoord = vec2(0.25 * (uv.s + float(mod(index, 4))), 0.25 * (uv.t + float(index / 4)));
+    gl_Position = viewMatrix * vec4(unprojected, 1.0);
+}

src/render/software/CanvasPixel.h

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "CanvasFragment.h"
 
-const int MAX_FRAGMENTS_PER_PIXEL = 2;
+const int MAX_FRAGMENTS_PER_PIXEL = 5;
 
 namespace paysages {
 namespace software {

src/render/software/OverlayRasterizer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#include "OverlayRasterizer.h"
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include "Color.h"
+#include "SoftwareRenderer.h"
+#include "CameraDefinition.h"
+#include "CanvasFragment.h"
+
+OverlayRasterizer::OverlayRasterizer(SoftwareRenderer *renderer, RenderProgress *progress)
+    : Rasterizer(renderer, progress, 0, COLOR_WHITE) {
+}
+
+int OverlayRasterizer::prepareRasterization() {
+    setPerspectiveCorrection(false);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+void OverlayRasterizer::rasterizeToCanvas(CanvasPortion *canvas) {
+    double width = (double)renderer->render_camera->getWidth();
+    double height = (double)renderer->render_camera->getHeight();
+    Vector3 topleft = renderer->unprojectPoint(Vector3(height, 0.0, 1.0));
+    Vector3 bottomleft = renderer->unprojectPoint(Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
+    Vector3 topright = renderer->unprojectPoint(Vector3(height, width, 1.0));
+    Vector3 bottomright = renderer->unprojectPoint(Vector3(0.0, width, 1.0));
+
+    pushQuad(canvas, topleft, bottomleft, bottomright, topright);
+}
+
+Color OverlayRasterizer::shadeFragment(const CanvasFragment &fragment, const CanvasFragment *) const {
+    double width = (double)renderer->render_camera->getWidth() - 1.0;
+    double height = (double)renderer->render_camera->getHeight() - 1.0;
+    double relx;
+    double rely;
+    double x = floor(fragment.getPixel().x);
+    double y = floor(fragment.getPixel().y);
+
+    if (width > height) {
+        relx = 2.0 * ((x - (width - height) * 0.5) / height - 0.5);
+        rely = 2.0 * (y / height - 0.5);
+    } else {
+        relx = 2.0 * (x / height - 0.5);
+        rely = 2.0 * ((y - (height - width) * 0.5) / height - 0.5);
+    }
+
+    return processPixel((int)x, (int)y, relx, rely);
+}

src/render/software/OverlayRasterizer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#ifndef OVERLAYRASTERIZER_H
+#define OVERLAYRASTERIZER_H
+
+#include "software_global.h"
+
+#include "Rasterizer.h"
+
+namespace paysages {
+namespace software {
+
+/**
+ * Base class for overlay rasterizer.
+ *
+ * It's a rasterizer that puts a single quad in front of camera, in order to apply a shader on each pixel.
+ */
+class SOFTWARESHARED_EXPORT OverlayRasterizer : public Rasterizer {
+  public:
+    OverlayRasterizer(SoftwareRenderer *renderer, RenderProgress *progress);
+
+    /**
+     * Abstract method to implement to shade each pixel.
+     */
+    virtual Color processPixel(int x, int y, double relx, double rely) const = 0;
+
+  private:
+    virtual int prepareRasterization();
+    virtual void rasterizeToCanvas(CanvasPortion *canvas);
+    virtual Color shadeFragment(const CanvasFragment &fragment, const CanvasFragment *previous) const;
+};
+}
+}
+
+#endif // OVERLAYRASTERIZER_H

src/render/software/Rasterizer.cpp

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ Rasterizer::Rasterizer(SoftwareRenderer *renderer, RenderProgress *progress, int
 
     interrupted = false;
     backface_culling = false;
+    perspective_correction = true;
     triangle_count = 0;
     auto_cut_limit = 0.01;
 
@@ -52,7 +53,8 @@ void Rasterizer::interrupt() {
     interrupted = true;
 }
 
-void Rasterizer::setQuality(double) {
+void Rasterizer::setQuality(double quality) {
+    this->perspective_correction = (quality > 0.4);
 }
 
 void Rasterizer::setColor(const Color &color) {
@@ -63,6 +65,10 @@ void Rasterizer::setBackFaceCulling(bool cull) {
     this->backface_culling = cull;
 }
 
+void Rasterizer::setPerspectiveCorrection(bool active) {
+    this->perspective_correction = active;
+}
+
 void Rasterizer::setAutoCutLimit(double limit) {
     this->auto_cut_limit = limit;
 }
@@ -227,21 +233,32 @@ void Rasterizer::scanGetDiff(ScanPoint *v1, ScanPoint *v2, ScanPoint *result) {
 
 void Rasterizer::scanInterpolate(CameraDefinition *camera, ScanPoint *v1, ScanPoint *diff, double value,
                                  ScanPoint *result) {
+    result->pixel.x = v1->pixel.x + diff->pixel.x * value;
+    result->pixel.y = v1->pixel.y + diff->pixel.y * value;
+    result->pixel.z = v1->pixel.z + diff->pixel.z * value;
+
+    if (perspective_correction) {
         Vector3 vec1(v1->pixel.x, v1->pixel.y, v1->pixel.z);
         Vector3 vecdiff(diff->pixel.x, diff->pixel.y, diff->pixel.z);
         double v1depth = 1.0 / camera->getRealDepth(vec1);
         double v2depth = 1.0 / camera->getRealDepth(vec1.add(vecdiff));
         double factor = 1.0 / ((1.0 - value) * v1depth + value * v2depth);
 
-    result->pixel.x = v1->pixel.x + diff->pixel.x * value;
-    result->pixel.y = v1->pixel.y + diff->pixel.y * value;
-    result->pixel.z = v1->pixel.z + diff->pixel.z * value;
         result->location.x =
-        ((1.0 - value) * (v1->location.x * v1depth) + value * (v1->location.x + diff->location.x) * v2depth) * factor;
+            ((1.0 - value) * (v1->location.x * v1depth) + value * (v1->location.x + diff->location.x) * v2depth) *
+            factor;
         result->location.y =
-        ((1.0 - value) * (v1->location.y * v1depth) + value * (v1->location.y + diff->location.y) * v2depth) * factor;
+            ((1.0 - value) * (v1->location.y * v1depth) + value * (v1->location.y + diff->location.y) * v2depth) *
+            factor;
         result->location.z =
-        ((1.0 - value) * (v1->location.z * v1depth) + value * (v1->location.z + diff->location.z) * v2depth) * factor;
+            ((1.0 - value) * (v1->location.z * v1depth) + value * (v1->location.z + diff->location.z) * v2depth) *
+            factor;
+    } else {
+        result->location.x = v1->location.x + diff->location.x * value;
+        result->location.y = v1->location.y + diff->location.y * value;
+        result->location.z = v1->location.z + diff->location.z * value;
+    }
+
     result->client = v1->client;
     result->front_facing = v1->front_facing;
 }

src/render/software/Rasterizer.h

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ namespace software {
 const int RASTERIZER_CLIENT_SKY = 0;
 const int RASTERIZER_CLIENT_WATER = 1;
 const int RASTERIZER_CLIENT_TERRAIN = 2;
+const int RASTERIZER_CLIENT_VEGETATION = 3;
 
 typedef struct ScanPoint ScanPoint;
 typedef struct RenderScanlines RenderScanlines;
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ class SOFTWARESHARED_EXPORT Rasterizer {
 
     void setColor(const Color &color);
     void setBackFaceCulling(bool cull);
+    void setPerspectiveCorrection(bool active);
 
     /**
      * Reset the internal triangle counter to 0.
@@ -96,6 +98,7 @@ class SOFTWARESHARED_EXPORT Rasterizer {
     int triangle_count;
     double auto_cut_limit;
     bool backface_culling;
+    bool perspective_correction;
 };
 }
 }

src/render/software/SoftwareCanvasRenderer.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "TerrainRasterizer.h"
 #include "WaterRasterizer.h"
 #include "SkyRasterizer.h"
+#include "VegetationRasterizer.h"
 #include "CameraDefinition.h"
 #include "ParallelWork.h"
 #include "CanvasPortion.h"
@@ -25,9 +26,11 @@ SoftwareCanvasRenderer::SoftwareCanvasRenderer(Scenery *scenery) : SoftwareRende
 
     postprocess_enabled = true;
 
-    rasterizers.push_back(new SkyRasterizer(this, progress, RASTERIZER_CLIENT_SKY));
-    rasterizers.push_back(new WaterRasterizer(this, progress, RASTERIZER_CLIENT_WATER));
-    rasterizers.push_back(new TerrainRasterizer(this, progress, RASTERIZER_CLIENT_TERRAIN));
+    rasterizers.push_back(rasterizer_sky = new SkyRasterizer(this, progress, RASTERIZER_CLIENT_SKY));
+    rasterizers.push_back(rasterizer_water = new WaterRasterizer(this, progress, RASTERIZER_CLIENT_WATER));
+    rasterizers.push_back(rasterizer_terrain = new TerrainRasterizer(this, progress, RASTERIZER_CLIENT_TERRAIN));
+    rasterizers.push_back(rasterizer_vegetation =
+                              new VegetationRasterizer(this, progress, RASTERIZER_CLIENT_VEGETATION));
 
     current_work = NULL;
 }
@@ -36,9 +39,10 @@ SoftwareCanvasRenderer::~SoftwareCanvasRenderer() {
     delete canvas;
     delete progress;
 
-    for (auto &rasterizer : rasterizers) {
-        delete rasterizer;
-    }
+    delete rasterizer_sky;
+    delete rasterizer_water;
+    delete rasterizer_terrain;
+    delete rasterizer_vegetation;
 }
 
 void SoftwareCanvasRenderer::setQuality(double factor) {
@@ -50,9 +54,6 @@ void SoftwareCanvasRenderer::setQuality(double factor) {
 }
 
 void SoftwareCanvasRenderer::setSoloRasterizer(Rasterizer *rasterizer) {
-    for (auto &rast : rasterizers) {
-        delete rast;
-    }
     rasterizers.clear();
     rasterizers.push_back(rasterizer);
 }

src/render/software/SoftwareCanvasRenderer.h

@@ -34,21 +34,22 @@ class SOFTWARESHARED_EXPORT SoftwareCanvasRenderer : public SoftwareRenderer {
     }
 
     inline Rasterizer *getSkyRasterizer() const {
-        return rasterizers[0];
+        return rasterizer_sky;
     }
     inline Rasterizer *getWaterRasterizer() const {
-        return rasterizers[1];
+        return rasterizer_water;
     }
     inline Rasterizer *getTerrainRasterizer() const {
-        return rasterizers[2];
+        return rasterizer_terrain;
+    }
+    inline Rasterizer *getVegetationRasterizer() const {
+        return rasterizer_vegetation;
     }
 
     virtual void setQuality(double factor) override;
 
     /**
      * Clear the rasterizers list, and put a single one.
-     *
-     * The renderer takes ownership of the rasterizer.
      */
     void setSoloRasterizer(Rasterizer *rasterizer);
 
@@ -112,7 +113,13 @@ class SOFTWARESHARED_EXPORT SoftwareCanvasRenderer : public SoftwareRenderer {
 
     Canvas *canvas;
     int samples;
+
     vector<Rasterizer *> rasterizers;
+    Rasterizer *rasterizer_sky;
+    Rasterizer *rasterizer_water;
+    Rasterizer *rasterizer_terrain;
+    Rasterizer *rasterizer_vegetation;
+
     bool started;
     bool finished;
     bool interrupted;

src/render/software/SoftwareRenderer.cpp

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "CloudsDefinition.h"
 #include "TerrainRenderer.h"
 #include "TexturesRenderer.h"
+#include "VegetationRenderer.h"
 #include "WaterRenderer.h"
 #include "SkyRasterizer.h"
 #include "TerrainRasterizer.h"
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ SoftwareRenderer::SoftwareRenderer(Scenery *scenery) : scenery(scenery) {
     clouds_renderer = new CloudsRenderer(this);
     terrain_renderer = new TerrainRenderer(this);
     textures_renderer = new TexturesRenderer(this);
+    vegetation_renderer = new VegetationRenderer(this);
     water_renderer = new WaterRenderer(this);
 
     nightsky_renderer = new NightSky(this);
@@ -42,6 +44,7 @@ SoftwareRenderer::SoftwareRenderer(Scenery *scenery) : scenery(scenery) {
 
     lighting->registerFilter(water_renderer);
     lighting->registerFilter(terrain_renderer);
+    lighting->registerFilter(vegetation_renderer);
     lighting->registerFilter(clouds_renderer);
     lighting->registerSource(atmosphere_renderer);
 
@@ -61,6 +64,7 @@ SoftwareRenderer::~SoftwareRenderer() {
     delete clouds_renderer;
     delete terrain_renderer;
     delete textures_renderer;
+    delete vegetation_renderer;
     delete water_renderer;
 }
 

src/render/software/SoftwareRenderer.h

@@ -61,6 +61,9 @@ class SOFTWARESHARED_EXPORT SoftwareRenderer {
     inline WaterRenderer *getWaterRenderer() const {
         return water_renderer;
     }
+    inline VegetationRenderer *getVegetationRenderer() const {
+        return vegetation_renderer;
+    }
 
     inline NightSky *getNightSky() const {
         return nightsky_renderer;
@@ -95,6 +98,7 @@ class SOFTWARESHARED_EXPORT SoftwareRenderer {
     TexturesRenderer *textures_renderer;
     WaterRenderer *water_renderer;
     NightSky *nightsky_renderer;
+    VegetationRenderer *vegetation_renderer;
 };
 }
 }

src/render/software/TerrainRasterizer.cpp

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 TerrainRasterizer::TerrainRasterizer(SoftwareRenderer *renderer, RenderProgress *progress, int client_id)
     : Rasterizer(renderer, progress, client_id, Color(1.0, 0.9, 0.9)) {
+    setBackFaceCulling(true);
+    yoffset = 0.0;
 }
 
 void TerrainRasterizer::setQuality(double base_chunk_size, double detail_factor, int max_chunk_detail) {
@@ -68,18 +70,36 @@ void TerrainRasterizer::renderQuad(CanvasPortion *canvas, double x, double z, do
     ov4.z = z;
     dv4 = renderer->getTerrainRenderer()->getResult(x + size, z, true, true).location;
 
+    if (yoffset != 0.0) {
+        dv1.y += yoffset;
+        dv2.y += yoffset;
+        dv3.y += yoffset;
+        dv4.y += yoffset;
+    }
+
     if (dv1.y > water_height || dv2.y > water_height || dv3.y > water_height || dv4.y > water_height) {
         pushDisplacedQuad(canvas, dv1, dv2, dv3, dv4, ov1, ov2, ov3, ov4);
     }
 }
 
-void TerrainRasterizer::getChunk(TerrainRasterizer::TerrainChunkInfo *chunk, double x, double z, double size,
-                                 bool displaced) {
+void TerrainRasterizer::setYOffset(double offset) {
+    this->yoffset = offset;
+}
+
+void TerrainRasterizer::getChunk(SoftwareRenderer *renderer, TerrainRasterizer::TerrainChunkInfo *chunk, double x,
+                                 double z, double size, int displaced) {
     chunk->point_nw = renderer->getTerrainRenderer()->getResult(x, z, true, displaced).location;
     chunk->point_sw = renderer->getTerrainRenderer()->getResult(x, z + size, true, displaced).location;
     chunk->point_se = renderer->getTerrainRenderer()->getResult(x + size, z + size, true, displaced).location;
     chunk->point_ne = renderer->getTerrainRenderer()->getResult(x + size, z, true, displaced).location;
 
+    if (yoffset != 0.0) {
+        chunk->point_nw.y += yoffset;
+        chunk->point_sw.y += yoffset;
+        chunk->point_se.y += yoffset;
+        chunk->point_ne.y += yoffset;
+    }
+
     double displacement_power;
     if (displaced) {
         displacement_power = 0.0;
@@ -136,7 +156,7 @@ int TerrainRasterizer::performTessellation(CanvasPortion *canvas, bool displaced
 
     while (radius_int < 20000.0) {
         for (i = 0; i < chunk_count - 1; i++) {
-            getChunk(&chunk, cx - radius_ext + chunk_size * i, cz - radius_ext, chunk_size, displaced);
+            getChunk(renderer, &chunk, cx - radius_ext + chunk_size * i, cz - radius_ext, chunk_size, displaced);
             if (chunk.detail_hint > 0) {
                 result += chunk.detail_hint * chunk.detail_hint;
                 if (canvas) {
@@ -147,7 +167,7 @@ int TerrainRasterizer::performTessellation(CanvasPortion *canvas, bool displaced
                 return result;
             }
 
-            getChunk(&chunk, cx + radius_int, cz - radius_ext + chunk_size * i, chunk_size, displaced);
+            getChunk(renderer, &chunk, cx + radius_int, cz - radius_ext + chunk_size * i, chunk_size, displaced);
             if (chunk.detail_hint > 0) {
                 result += chunk.detail_hint * chunk.detail_hint;
                 if (canvas) {
@@ -158,7 +178,7 @@ int TerrainRasterizer::performTessellation(CanvasPortion *canvas, bool displaced
                 return result;
             }
 
-            getChunk(&chunk, cx + radius_int - chunk_size * i, cz + radius_int, chunk_size, displaced);
+            getChunk(renderer, &chunk, cx + radius_int - chunk_size * i, cz + radius_int, chunk_size, displaced);
             if (chunk.detail_hint > 0) {
                 result += chunk.detail_hint * chunk.detail_hint;
                 if (canvas) {
@@ -169,7 +189,7 @@ int TerrainRasterizer::performTessellation(CanvasPortion *canvas, bool displaced
                 return result;
             }
 
-            getChunk(&chunk, cx - radius_ext, cz + radius_int - chunk_size * i, chunk_size, displaced);
+            getChunk(renderer, &chunk, cx - radius_ext, cz + radius_int - chunk_size * i, chunk_size, displaced);
             if (chunk.detail_hint > 0) {
                 result += chunk.detail_hint * chunk.detail_hint;
                 if (canvas) {

src/render/software/TerrainRasterizer.h

@@ -36,6 +36,14 @@ class SOFTWARESHARED_EXPORT TerrainRasterizer : public Rasterizer {
     virtual void rasterizeToCanvas(CanvasPortion *canvas) override;
     virtual Color shadeFragment(const CanvasFragment &fragment, const CanvasFragment *previous) const override;
 
+  protected:
+    /**
+     * Add a vertical offset to rasterized polygons.
+     *
+     * This may be used to rasterize a covering layer on top of ground.
+     */
+    void setYOffset(double offset);
+
   private:
     /**
      * Method called for each chunk tessellated by performTessellation.
@@ -60,9 +68,12 @@ class SOFTWARESHARED_EXPORT TerrainRasterizer : public Rasterizer {
 
     void renderQuad(CanvasPortion *canvas, double x, double z, double size, double water_height);
 
-    void getChunk(TerrainRasterizer::TerrainChunkInfo *chunk, double x, double z, double size, bool displaced);
+    void getChunk(SoftwareRenderer *renderer, TerrainRasterizer::TerrainChunkInfo *chunk, double x, double z,
+                  double size, int displaced);
 
   private:
+    double yoffset;
+
     // Quality control
     double base_chunk_size;
     double detail_factor;

src/render/software/TerrainRenderer.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "TerrainRenderer.h"
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include "SoftwareRenderer.h"
 #include "Scenery.h"
 #include "TerrainDefinition.h"
@@ -185,3 +186,17 @@ bool TerrainRenderer::applyLightFilter(LightComponent &light, const Vector3 &at)
         return true;
     }
 }
+
+void TerrainRenderer::estimateMinMaxHeight(double x1, double z1, double x2, double z2, double *ymin, double *ymax) {
+    double y1 = getHeight(x1, z1, true);
+    double y2 = getHeight(x2, z2, true);
+
+    // TODO Add quality factor
+    // TODO Use all 4 corners
+    // TODO Apply max slope
+    // TODO Estimate displacement
+
+    pair<double, double> limits = minmax(y1, y2);
+    *ymin = limits.first;
+    *ymax = limits.second;
+}

src/render/software/TerrainRenderer.h

@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@ class SOFTWARESHARED_EXPORT TerrainRenderer : public LightFilter {
     virtual Color getFinalColor(const Vector3 &location, double precision);
     virtual bool applyLightFilter(LightComponent &light, const Vector3 &at) override;
 
+    /**
+     * Estimate a probable range of altitudes, given a rectangle area.
+     */
+    void estimateMinMaxHeight(double x1, double z1, double x2, double z2, double *ymin, double *ymax);
+
   private:
     SoftwareRenderer *parent;
     TerrainRayWalker *walker_ray;

src/render/software/VegetationModelRenderer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#include "VegetationModelRenderer.h"
+
+#include "Color.h"
+#include "SurfaceMaterial.h"
+#include "SpaceSegment.h"
+#include "InfiniteRay.h"
+#include "Disk.h"
+#include "SoftwareRenderer.h"
+#include "LightComponent.h"
+#include "VegetationModelDefinition.h"
+#include "VegetationResult.h"
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+//#define DEBUG_VEGETATION_CONTAINERS 1
+#endif
+#ifdef DEBUG_VEGETATION_CONTAINERS
+SurfaceMaterial DEBUG_MATERIAL1(Color(1.0, 0.0, 0.0));
+#endif
+
+VegetationModelRenderer::VegetationModelRenderer(SoftwareRenderer *parent, const VegetationModelDefinition *model)
+    : parent(parent), model(model) {
+}
+
+VegetationModelRenderer::~VegetationModelRenderer() {
+}
+
+VegetationResult VegetationModelRenderer::getResult(const SpaceSegment &segment, bool only_hit) const {
+    InfiniteRay ray(segment.getStart(), segment.getDirection());
+    int intersections;
+    const SurfaceMaterial *material = &SurfaceMaterial::getDefault();
+    bool hit = false;
+    Vector3 location, normal;
+    double distance, nearest, maximal;
+
+    maximal = segment.getLength();
+    nearest = maximal;
+
+    for (const auto &branch : model->getSolidVolumes()) {
+        Vector3 near, far;
+        if (branch.findRayIntersection(ray, &near, &far)) {
+            distance = ray.getCursor(near);
+            if (distance >= 0.0 and distance <= maximal) {
+                // Got a branch hit
+                if (only_hit) {
+                    return VegetationResult(true);
+                }
+
+                if (distance < nearest) {
+                    material = &model->getSolidMaterial();
+                    nearest = distance;
+
+                    hit = true;
+                    location = near;
+                    normal = near.sub(branch.getAxis().getOrigin())
+                                 .crossProduct(branch.getAxis().getDirection())
+                                 .normalize();
+                    normal = branch.getAxis().getDirection().crossProduct(normal).normalize();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (const auto &foliage : model->getFoliageGroups()) {
+        intersections = foliage.checkRayIntersection(ray);
+        if (intersections == 2) {
+            InfiniteRay subray(ray.getOrigin().sub(foliage.getCenter()).scale(1.0 / foliage.getRadius()),
+                               ray.getDirection());
+
+            for (const auto &leaf : model->getFoliageItems()) {
+                Sphere leafcap(leaf.getPoint(), leaf.getRadius() * leaf.getRadius() / foliage.getRadius());
+                // TODO Add cap intersection to Sphere class
+                Vector3 near, far;
+                if (leafcap.findRayIntersection(subray, &near, &far) == 2) {
+                    if (near.sub(leaf.getPoint()).normalize().dotProduct(leaf.getNormal()) < 0.5) {
+                        if (far.sub(leaf.getPoint()).normalize().dotProduct(leaf.getNormal()) < 0.5) {
+                            continue;
+                        } else {
+                            near = far;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    Vector3 capnormal = near.sub(leaf.getPoint()).normalize();
+                    near = near.scale(foliage.getRadius()).add(foliage.getCenter());
+                    distance = ray.getCursor(near);
+
+                    if (distance >= 0.0 and distance <= maximal) {
+                        // Got a foliage hit
+                        if (only_hit) {
+                            return VegetationResult(true);
+                        }
+
+                        if (distance < nearest) {
+                            material = &model->getFoliageMaterial();
+                            nearest = distance;
+
+                            hit = true;
+                            location = near;
+                            normal = capnormal;
+
+                            if (normal.dotProduct(location.sub(segment.getStart())) > 0.0) {
+                                // We look at backside
+                                normal = normal.scale(-1.0);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+#ifdef DEBUG_VEGETATION_CONTAINERS
+            if (!hit) {
+                Vector3 near, far;
+                intersections = foliage.findRayIntersection(ray, &near, &far);
+                location = near;
+                normal = VECTOR_ZERO;
+                material = &DEBUG_MATERIAL1;
+                hit = true;
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (hit) {
+        return VegetationResult(location, normal, *material);
+    } else {
+        return VegetationResult();
+    }
+}
+
+bool VegetationModelRenderer::applyLightFilter(LightComponent &light, const Vector3 &at) {
+    return getResult(SpaceSegment(at, light.direction.scale(-2.0)), true).isHit();
+}

src/render/software/VegetationModelRenderer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#ifndef VEGETATIONMODELRENDERER_H
+#define VEGETATIONMODELRENDERER_H
+
+#include "software_global.h"
+
+#include "LightFilter.h"
+
+namespace paysages {
+namespace software {
+
+/**
+ * Renderer of a single instance of vegetation model (e.g a single tree).
+ */
+class SOFTWARESHARED_EXPORT VegetationModelRenderer : public LightFilter {
+  public:
+    VegetationModelRenderer(SoftwareRenderer *parent, const VegetationModelDefinition *model);
+    virtual ~VegetationModelRenderer();
+
+    /**
+     * Get the final color of this model on a segment.
+     *
+     * Coordinates should be expressed as relative to the model origin point.
+     *
+     * If only_hit is True, we only look whether there is a hit or not.
+     */
+    VegetationResult getResult(const SpaceSegment &segment, bool only_hit = false) const;
+
+    /**
+     * Internal (relative) light filter.
+     *
+     * The 'at' parameter should be expressed as relative to the model origin point.
+     */
+    virtual bool applyLightFilter(LightComponent &light, const Vector3 &at);
+
+  private:
+    SoftwareRenderer *parent;
+    const VegetationModelDefinition *model;
+};
+}
+}
+
+#endif // VEGETATIONMODELRENDERER_H

src/render/software/VegetationRasterizer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#include "VegetationRasterizer.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "CanvasFragment.h"
+#include "Color.h"
+#include "SpaceSegment.h"
+#include "SoftwareRenderer.h"
+#include "VegetationRenderer.h"
+#include "RayCastingResult.h"
+
+VegetationRasterizer::VegetationRasterizer(SoftwareRenderer *renderer, RenderProgress *progress, int client_id)
+    : TerrainRasterizer(renderer, progress, client_id) {
+    setYOffset(0.5);
+    setColor(Color(0.8, 1.0, 0.8, 0.5));
+}
+
+Color VegetationRasterizer::shadeFragment(const CanvasFragment &fragment, const CanvasFragment *previous) const {
+    assert(previous != NULL);
+
+    if (not fragment.isFrontFacing() or previous->getClient() == RASTERIZER_CLIENT_SKY) {
+        // This is an exit fragment, or the last before sky
+        return COLOR_TRANSPARENT;
+    }
+
+    // Even if we assert, this may happen in rare circumstances (no opaque background fragment), so don't crash
+    if (previous == NULL) {
+        return COLOR_TRANSPARENT;
+    }
+
+    SoftwareRenderer *renderer = getRenderer();
+    SpaceSegment segment(renderer->unprojectPoint(fragment.getPixel()), renderer->unprojectPoint(previous->getPixel()));
+    RayCastingResult result = renderer->getVegetationRenderer()->getResult(segment);
+    if (result.hit) {
+        return result.hit_color;
+    } else {
+        return COLOR_TRANSPARENT;
+    }
+}

src/render/software/VegetationRasterizer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#ifndef VEGETATIONRASTERIZER_H
+#define VEGETATIONRASTERIZER_H
+
+#include "software_global.h"
+
+#include "TerrainRasterizer.h"
+
+namespace paysages {
+namespace software {
+
+class SOFTWARESHARED_EXPORT VegetationRasterizer : public TerrainRasterizer {
+  public:
+    VegetationRasterizer(SoftwareRenderer *renderer, RenderProgress *progress, int client_id);
+
+    virtual Color shadeFragment(const CanvasFragment &fragment, const CanvasFragment *previous) const override;
+};
+}
+}
+
+#endif // VEGETATIONRASTERIZER_H

src/render/software/VegetationRenderer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#include "VegetationRenderer.h"
+
+#include "VegetationModelRenderer.h"
+#include "RayCastingResult.h"
+#include "SpaceGridIterator.h"
+#include "SpaceSegment.h"
+#include "VegetationInstance.h"
+#include "SoftwareRenderer.h"
+#include "Scenery.h"
+#include "TerrainRenderer.h"
+#include "VegetationDefinition.h"
+#include "VegetationLayerDefinition.h"
+#include "VegetationPresenceDefinition.h"
+#include "VegetationInstance.h"
+#include "VegetationResult.h"
+#include "LightComponent.h"
+
+/**
+ * Grid iterator to collect instances of a layer, in small squares.
+ */
+class VegetationGridIterator : public SpaceGridIterator {
+  public:
+    VegetationGridIterator(const SpaceSegment &segment, VegetationRenderer *renderer, bool only_hit)
+        : segment(segment), renderer(renderer), only_hit(only_hit) {
+    }
+
+    inline const RayCastingResult &getResult() const {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    virtual bool onCell(int x, int, int z) override {
+        result = renderer->getBoundResult(segment, (double)x, (double)z, only_hit);
+        return not result.hit;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    const SpaceSegment &segment;
+    VegetationRenderer *renderer;
+    RayCastingResult result;
+    bool only_hit;
+};
+
+VegetationRenderer::VegetationRenderer(SoftwareRenderer *parent) : parent(parent) {
+    enabled = true;
+}
+
+VegetationRenderer::~VegetationRenderer() {
+}
+
+void VegetationRenderer::setEnabled(bool enabled) {
+    this->enabled = enabled;
+}
+
+RayCastingResult VegetationRenderer::renderInstance(const SpaceSegment &segment, const VegetationInstance &instance,
+                                                    bool only_hit, bool displaced) {
+    if (!displaced) {
+        // Recursive call on displaced instance
+        const Vector3 &base = instance.getBase();
+        TerrainRenderer::TerrainResult terrain = parent->getTerrainRenderer()->getResult(base.x, base.z, true, true);
+        VegetationInstance displaced_instance = instance.displace(terrain.location, terrain.normal);
+        return renderInstance(segment, displaced_instance, only_hit, true);
+    }
+
+    RayCastingResult final;
+    VegetationModelRenderer model_renderer(parent, &instance.getModel());
+    SpaceSegment scaled_segment(segment.getStart().sub(instance.getBase()).scale(1.0 / instance.getSize()),
+                                segment.getEnd().sub(instance.getBase()).scale(1.0 / instance.getSize()));
+    VegetationResult result = model_renderer.getResult(scaled_segment, only_hit);
+
+    final.hit = result.isHit();
+
+    if (final.hit and not only_hit) {
+        Vector3 location = result.getLocation().scale(instance.getSize()).add(instance.getBase());
+        final.hit_color = parent->applyLightingToSurface(location, result.getNormal(), result.getMaterial());
+        final.hit_color = parent->applyMediumTraversal(location, final.hit_color);
+        final.hit_location = result.getLocation();
+    }
+
+    return final;
+}
+
+RayCastingResult VegetationRenderer::getResult(const SpaceSegment &segment, bool only_hit) {
+    if (enabled) {
+        // Find instances potentially crossing the segment
+        VegetationGridIterator it(segment, this, only_hit);
+        if (not segment.projectedOnYPlane().iterateOnGrid(it)) {
+            return it.getResult();
+        }
+        return RayCastingResult();
+    } else {
+        return RayCastingResult();
+    }
+}
+
+RayCastingResult VegetationRenderer::getBoundResult(const SpaceSegment &segment, double x, double z, bool only_hit,
+                                                    double xsize, double zsize) {
+    VegetationDefinition *vegetation = parent->getScenery()->getVegetation();
+
+    // Early check if we may cross any vegetation
+    double ymin, ymax;
+    parent->getTerrainRenderer()->estimateMinMaxHeight(x, z, x + xsize, z + zsize, &ymin, &ymax);
+    ymax += vegetation->getMaxHeight();
+    SpaceSegment bbox(Vector3(x, ymin, z), Vector3(x + xsize, ymax, z + zsize));
+    if (not segment.intersectBoundingBox(bbox)) {
+        return RayCastingResult();
+    }
+
+    // Iterate all layers and instances
+    int n = vegetation->getLayerCount();
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        VegetationLayerDefinition *layer = vegetation->getVegetationLayer(i);
+
+        vector<VegetationInstance> instances;
+        layer->getPresence()->collectInstances(&instances, *layer->getModel(), x, z, x + xsize, z + zsize);
+
+        for (auto &instance : instances) {
+            RayCastingResult result = renderInstance(segment, instance, only_hit);
+            if (result.hit) {
+                // TODO Don't stop at first hit, find the nearest one
+                return result;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return RayCastingResult();
+}
+
+bool VegetationRenderer::applyLightFilter(LightComponent &light, const Vector3 &at) {
+    if (enabled) {
+        // Get segment to iterate
+        SpaceSegment segment(at, at.add(light.direction.scale(-1.0 * parent->render_quality)));
+        if (getResult(segment, true).hit) {
+            light.color = COLOR_BLACK;
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            return true;
+        }
+    } else {
+        return true;
+    }
+}

src/render/software/VegetationRenderer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#ifndef VEGETATIONRENDERER_H
+#define VEGETATIONRENDERER_H
+
+#include "software_global.h"
+
+#include "LightFilter.h"
+
+namespace paysages {
+namespace software {
+
+class SOFTWARESHARED_EXPORT VegetationRenderer : public LightFilter {
+  public:
+    VegetationRenderer(SoftwareRenderer *parent);
+    virtual ~VegetationRenderer();
+
+    /**
+     * Totally enable or disable the vegetation layers rendering.
+     */
+    void setEnabled(bool enabled);
+
+    inline SoftwareRenderer *getParent() const {
+        return parent;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Perform ray casting on a single instance.
+     *
+     * If *only_hit* is true, only care about hitting or not, do not compute the color.
+     *
+     * If *displaced* is true, *instance* is considered on already displaced terrain, else, terrain displacement is
+     *applied.
+     */
+    RayCastingResult renderInstance(const SpaceSegment &segment, const VegetationInstance &instance,
+                                    bool only_hit = false, bool displaced = false);
+
+    /**
+     * Perform ray casting on a given segment.
+     */
+    RayCastingResult getResult(const SpaceSegment &segment, bool only_hit = false);
+
+    /**
+     * Perform ray casting on a squared region.
+     */
+    RayCastingResult getBoundResult(const SpaceSegment &segment, double x, double z, bool only_hit = false,
+                                    double xsize = 1.0, double zsize = 1.0);
+
+    virtual bool applyLightFilter(LightComponent &light, const Vector3 &at) override;
+
+  private:
+    SoftwareRenderer *parent;
+    bool enabled;
+};
+}
+}
+
+#endif // VEGETATIONRENDERER_H

src/render/software/VegetationResult.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include "VegetationResult.h"
+
+VegetationResult::VegetationResult(bool hit) : hit(hit) {
+}
+
+VegetationResult::VegetationResult(const Vector3 &location, const Vector3 &normal, const SurfaceMaterial &material)
+    : location(location), normal(normal), material(material) {
+    hit = true;
+}

src/render/software/VegetationResult.h

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#ifndef VEGETATIONRESULT_H
+#define VEGETATIONRESULT_H
+
+#include "software_global.h"
+
+#include "Vector3.h"
+#include "SurfaceMaterial.h"
+
+namespace paysages {
+namespace software {
+
+/**
+ * Result of a vegetation lookup.
+ */
+class SOFTWARESHARED_EXPORT VegetationResult {
+  public:
+    VegetationResult(bool hit = false);
+    VegetationResult(const Vector3 &location, const Vector3 &normal, const SurfaceMaterial &material);
+
+    inline bool isHit() const {
+        return hit;
+    }
+    inline const Vector3 &getLocation() const {
+        return location;
+    }
+    inline const Vector3 &getNormal() const {
+        return normal;
+    }
+    inline const SurfaceMaterial &getMaterial() const {
+        return material;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    bool hit;
+    Vector3 location;
+    Vector3 normal;
+    SurfaceMaterial material;
+};
+}
+}
+
+#endif // VEGETATIONRESULT_H

src/render/software/software_global.h

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ class TexturesRenderer;
 class WaterRenderer;
 
 class Rasterizer;
+class OverlayRasterizer;
 class SkyRasterizer;
 class TerrainRasterizer;
 
@@ -52,6 +53,9 @@ class TerrainRayWalker;
 
 class GodRaysSampler;
 class GodRaysResult;
+class VegetationResult;
+class VegetationRenderer;
+class VegetationModelRenderer;
 
 class Canvas;
 class CanvasPortion;

src/tests/CappedCylinder_Test.cpp

@@ -3,43 +3,43 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include "CappedCylinder.h"
 
-TEST(CappedCylinder, checkRayIntersection) {
+TEST(CappedCylinder, findRayIntersection) {
     CappedCylinder cylinder(VECTOR_DOWN, VECTOR_UP, 1.0, 2.0);
 
     int intersect_count;
     Vector3 p1, p2;
 
     intersect_count =
-        cylinder.checkRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(1.5, 0.0, 0.0), Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)), &p1, &p2);
+        cylinder.findRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(1.5, 0.0, 0.0), Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)), &p1, &p2);
     EXPECT_EQ(0, intersect_count);
 
     intersect_count =
-        cylinder.checkRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)), &p1, &p2);
+        cylinder.findRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)), &p1, &p2);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, intersect_count);
     EXPECT_VECTOR3_COORDS(p1, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
 
     intersect_count =
-        cylinder.checkRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(0.5, 0.0, 0.0), Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)), &p1, &p2);
+        cylinder.findRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(0.5, 0.0, 0.0), Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)), &p1, &p2);
     EXPECT_EQ(2, intersect_count);
     EXPECT_VECTOR3_COORDS(p1, 0.5, 0.0, -cos(asin(0.5)));
     EXPECT_VECTOR3_COORDS(p2, 0.5, 0.0, cos(asin(0.5)));
 
     intersect_count =
-        cylinder.checkRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(0.5, -2.1, 0.0), Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)), &p1, &p2);
+        cylinder.findRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(0.5, -2.1, 0.0), Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)), &p1, &p2);
     EXPECT_EQ(0, intersect_count);
 
     intersect_count =
-        cylinder.checkRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(0.5, 2.1, 0.0), Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)), &p1, &p2);
+        cylinder.findRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(0.5, 2.1, 0.0), Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)), &p1, &p2);
     EXPECT_EQ(0, intersect_count);
 
     // diagonal cases (through a cap)
     intersect_count =
-        cylinder.checkRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(-2.0, -1.0, 0.0), Vector3(1.0, 1.0, 0.0)), &p1, &p2);
+        cylinder.findRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(-2.0, -1.0, 0.0), Vector3(1.0, 1.0, 0.0)), &p1, &p2);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, intersect_count);
     EXPECT_VECTOR3_COORDS(p1, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
 
     intersect_count =
-        cylinder.checkRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(-2.0, 3.0, 0.0), Vector3(1.0, -1.0, 0.0)), &p1, &p2);
+        cylinder.findRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(-2.0, 3.0, 0.0), Vector3(1.0, -1.0, 0.0)), &p1, &p2);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, intersect_count);
     EXPECT_VECTOR3_COORDS(p1, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
 }

src/tests/InfiniteCylinder_Test.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "InfiniteCylinder.h"
 #include <cmath>
 
-TEST(InfiniteCylinder, checkRayIntersection) {
+TEST(InfiniteCylinder, findRayIntersection) {
     InfiniteRay ray(VECTOR_ZERO, VECTOR_UP);
     InfiniteCylinder cylinder(ray, 1.0);
 
@@ -12,30 +12,30 @@ TEST(InfiniteCylinder, checkRayIntersection) {
     Vector3 p1, p2;
 
     intersect_count =
-        cylinder.checkRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(1.5, 0.0, 0.0), Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)), &p1, &p2);
+        cylinder.findRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(1.5, 0.0, 0.0), Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)), &p1, &p2);
     EXPECT_EQ(0, intersect_count);
 
     intersect_count =
-        cylinder.checkRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)), &p1, &p2);
+        cylinder.findRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)), &p1, &p2);
     EXPECT_EQ(1, intersect_count);
     EXPECT_VECTOR3_COORDS(p1, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
 
     intersect_count =
-        cylinder.checkRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(0.5, 0.0, 0.0), Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)), &p1, &p2);
+        cylinder.findRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(0.5, 0.0, 0.0), Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)), &p1, &p2);
     EXPECT_EQ(2, intersect_count);
     EXPECT_VECTOR3_COORDS(p1, 0.5, 0.0, -cos(asin(0.5)));
     EXPECT_VECTOR3_COORDS(p2, 0.5, 0.0, cos(asin(0.5)));
 }
 
-TEST(InfiniteCylinder, checkRayIntersection2) {
+TEST(InfiniteCylinder, getRayIntersection2) {
     InfiniteRay ray(Vector3(-1.4, 1.5, 1.0), Vector3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0));
     InfiniteCylinder cylinder(ray, 0.5);
 
     int intersect_count;
     Vector3 p1, p2;
 
-    intersect_count = cylinder.checkRayIntersection(
-        InfiniteRay::fromPoints(Vector3(0.0, 1.5, 0.0), Vector3(0.0, 1.5, 2.0)), &p1, &p2);
+    intersect_count =
+        cylinder.findRayIntersection(InfiniteRay::fromPoints(Vector3(0.0, 1.5, 0.0), Vector3(0.0, 1.5, 2.0)), &p1, &p2);
     EXPECT_EQ(2, intersect_count);
     EXPECT_VECTOR3_COORDS(p1, 0.0, 1.5, 0.5);
     EXPECT_VECTOR3_COORDS(p2, 0.0, 1.5, 1.5);

src/tests/OpenGLVegetationImpostor_Test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include "BaseTestCase.h"
+#include "OpenGLVegetationImpostor.h"
+
+#include "Vector3.h"
+
+TEST(OpenGLVegetationImpostor, getIndex) {
+    OpenGLVegetationImpostor impostor;
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, impostor.getIndex(Vector3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), VECTOR_ZERO));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, impostor.getIndex(Vector3(1.0, 1.0, 0.0), VECTOR_ZERO));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, impostor.getIndex(Vector3(1.0, 1.0, 0.1), VECTOR_ZERO));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, impostor.getIndex(Vector3(1.0, 1.0, -0.1), VECTOR_ZERO));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, impostor.getIndex(Vector3(1.0, 1.0, -1.0), VECTOR_ZERO));
+    EXPECT_EQ(5, impostor.getIndex(Vector3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0), VECTOR_ZERO));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(6, impostor.getIndex(Vector3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), VECTOR_ZERO));
+    EXPECT_EQ(6, impostor.getIndex(Vector3(1.0, 0.0, 0.1), VECTOR_ZERO));
+    EXPECT_EQ(6, impostor.getIndex(Vector3(1.0, 0.0, -0.1), VECTOR_ZERO));
+}

src/tests/OpenGLVegetationLayer_Test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#include "BaseTestCase.h"
+#include "OpenGLVegetationLayer.h"
+
+#include "VegetationLayerDefinition.h"
+#include "VegetationModelDefinition.h"
+#include "VegetationInstance.h"
+#include "OpenGLVegetationInstance.h"
+#include "CameraDefinition.h"
+
+class FakeLayerRenderer : public OpenGLVegetationLayer {
+  public:
+    FakeLayerRenderer(VegetationLayerDefinition *definition) : OpenGLVegetationLayer(NULL, definition, false) {
+    }
+    virtual ~FakeLayerRenderer() {
+        for (auto instance : static_instances) {
+            delete instance;
+        }
+    }
+    virtual void produceInstancesInArea(double xmin, double xmax, double zmin, double zmax,
+                                        vector<OpenGLVegetationInstance *> *instances) const override {
+        for (auto instance : static_instances) {
+            Vector3 location = instance->getBase();
+            if (location.x >= xmin and location.z >= zmin and location.x < xmax and location.z < zmax) {
+                instances->push_back(instance);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    vector<OpenGLVegetationInstance *> static_instances;
+};
+
+TEST(OpenGLVegetationLayer, updateInstances) {
+    CameraDefinition camera;
+    VegetationLayerDefinition definition(NULL, "test");
+    FakeLayerRenderer rendering(&definition);
+    VegetationModelDefinition model(NULL);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, rendering.getInstanceCount());
+
+    rendering.updateInstances();
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, rendering.getInstanceCount());
+
+    rendering.static_instances.push_back(
+        new OpenGLVegetationInstance(VegetationInstance(model, Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0))));
+    rendering.reset();
+    rendering.updateInstances();
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, rendering.getInstanceCount());
+
+    camera.setLocation(Vector3(-5.0, 0.0, 0.0));
+    rendering.setCamera(&camera);
+    rendering.updateInstances();
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, rendering.getInstanceCount());
+
+    camera.setLocation(Vector3(-11.0, 0.0, 0.0));
+    rendering.setCamera(&camera);
+    rendering.updateInstances();
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, rendering.getInstanceCount());
+
+    camera.setLocation(Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 5.0));
+    rendering.setCamera(&camera);
+    rendering.updateInstances();
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, rendering.getInstanceCount());
+
+    camera.setLocation(Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 15.0));
+    rendering.setCamera(&camera);
+    rendering.updateInstances();
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, rendering.getInstanceCount());
+}

src/tests/OpenGLVegetation_Test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include "BaseTestCase.h"
+#include "OpenGLVegetation.h"
+
+#include "Scenery.h"
+#include "VegetationDefinition.h"
+#include "VegetationLayerDefinition.h"
+#include "OpenGLRenderer.h"
+
+TEST(OpenGLVegetation, updateLayers) {
+    Scenery scenery;
+    OpenGLRenderer renderer(&scenery);
+    OpenGLVegetation glvegetation(&renderer);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, glvegetation.getLayerCount());
+
+    scenery.getVegetation()->addLayer("test");
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, glvegetation.getLayerCount());
+}

src/tests/OverlayRasterizer_Test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#include "BaseTestCase.h"
+#include "OverlayRasterizer.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "Scenery.h"
+#include "SoftwareCanvasRenderer.h"
+#include "Color.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+    int x;
+    int y;
+    double relx;
+    double rely;
+} PixelCall;
+
+vector<PixelCall> calls;
+
+class MockOverlayRasterizer : public OverlayRasterizer {
+  public:
+    MockOverlayRasterizer(SoftwareCanvasRenderer *renderer)
+        : OverlayRasterizer(renderer, renderer->getProgressHelper()) {
+    }
+
+    virtual Color processPixel(int x, int y, double relx, double rely) const override {
+        PixelCall call = {x, y, relx, rely};
+        calls.push_back(call);
+        return COLOR_BLUE;
+    }
+};
+
+void checkCall(const PixelCall &call, int x, int y, double relx, double rely) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(x, call.x);
+    EXPECT_EQ(y, call.y);
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(relx, call.relx);
+    EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(rely, call.rely);
+}
+
+TEST(OverlayRasterizer, pixelProcessing) {
+    calls.clear();
+
+    Scenery scenery;
+    SoftwareCanvasRenderer renderer(&scenery);
+    MockOverlayRasterizer rasterizer(&renderer);
+    renderer.setSize(4, 3);
+    renderer.setSoloRasterizer(&rasterizer);
+    renderer.render();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(12, (int)calls.size());
+    checkCall(calls[0], 0, 0, -1.5, -1.0);
+    checkCall(calls[1], 0, 2, -1.5, 1.0);
+    checkCall(calls[2], 2, 0, 0.5, -1.0);
+    checkCall(calls[3], 2, 2, 0.5, 1.0);
+    checkCall(calls[4], 0, 1, -1.5, 0.0);
+    checkCall(calls[5], 1, 0, -0.5, -1.0);
+    checkCall(calls[6], 1, 1, -0.5, 0.0);
+    checkCall(calls[7], 1, 2, -0.5, 1.0);
+    checkCall(calls[8], 2, 1, 0.5, 0.0);
+    checkCall(calls[9], 3, 0, 1.5, -1.0);
+    checkCall(calls[10], 3, 1, 1.5, 0.0);
+    checkCall(calls[11], 3, 2, 1.5, 1.0);
+}

src/tests/SpaceSegment_Test.cpp

@@ -54,3 +54,17 @@ TEST(SpaceSegment, iterateOnGrid_Negative) {
     ASSERT_EQ(1, (int)it.locations.size());
     EXPECT_VECTOR3_COORDS(it.locations[0], -9.0, -9.0, -9.0);
 }
+
+TEST(SpaceSegment, intersectBoundingBox) {
+    SpaceSegment bbox(Vector3(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0), Vector3(1.0, 4.0, 1.0));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(SpaceSegment(Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), Vector3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)).intersectBoundingBox(bbox));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(SpaceSegment(Vector3(-5.0, 0.0, 0.0), Vector3(5.0, 0.0, 0.0)).intersectBoundingBox(bbox));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(SpaceSegment(Vector3(-5.0, -2.0, 0.0), Vector3(5.0, -2.0, 0.0)).intersectBoundingBox(bbox));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(SpaceSegment(Vector3(-5.0, 0.0, -5.0), Vector3(5.0, 0.0, 5.0)).intersectBoundingBox(bbox));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(SpaceSegment(Vector3(-5.0, -2.0, 0.0), Vector3(5.0, -2.0, 5.0)).intersectBoundingBox(bbox));
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(SpaceSegment(Vector3(-10.0, 0.0, 0.0), Vector3(10.0, -6.0, 0.0)).intersectBoundingBox(bbox));
+}

src/tests/Sphere_Test.cpp

@@ -3,20 +3,26 @@
 #include "InfiniteRay.h"
 #include "Sphere.h"
 
-TEST(Sphere, checkRayIntersection) {
+TEST(Sphere, findRayIntersection) {
     Sphere sphere(Vector3(2.0, 1.0, 1.0), 0.5);
 
     int intersect_count;
     Vector3 p1, p2;
 
-    intersect_count = sphere.checkRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), VECTOR_SOUTH), &p1, &p2);
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, intersect_count);
+    intersect_count = sphere.checkRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), VECTOR_SOUTH));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, intersect_count);
+    intersect_count = sphere.findRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), VECTOR_SOUTH), &p1, &p2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, intersect_count);
 
-    intersect_count = sphere.checkRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(1.5, 1.0, 0.0), VECTOR_SOUTH), &p1, &p2);
+    intersect_count = sphere.checkRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(1.5, 1.0, 0.0), VECTOR_SOUTH));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, intersect_count);
+    intersect_count = sphere.findRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(1.5, 1.0, 0.0), VECTOR_SOUTH), &p1, &p2);
     ASSERT_EQ(1, intersect_count);
     EXPECT_VECTOR3_COORDS(p1, 1.5, 1.0, 1.0);
 
-    intersect_count = sphere.checkRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(2.0, 1.0, 0.0), VECTOR_SOUTH), &p1, &p2);
+    intersect_count = sphere.checkRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(2.0, 1.0, 0.0), VECTOR_SOUTH));
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, intersect_count);
+    intersect_count = sphere.findRayIntersection(InfiniteRay(Vector3(2.0, 1.0, 0.0), VECTOR_SOUTH), &p1, &p2);
     ASSERT_EQ(2, intersect_count);
     EXPECT_VECTOR3_COORDS(p1, 2.0, 1.0, 0.5);
     EXPECT_VECTOR3_COORDS(p2, 2.0, 1.0, 1.5);